Lesson # 47 - Prepositions

Today's lesson involves prepositions, which are useful in any language!  You may recall that a preposition:

"A preposition links nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence. The word or phrase that the preposition introduces is called the object of the preposition.
A preposition usually indicates the temporal, spatial or logical relationship of its object to the rest of the sentence"

So without further ado, here are prepositions in Surath:

• about - illid
• above - l'el min
• across - lobar min  
• after - bathar
• against - darqul
• along - lkhabar min
• among - benath
• around - khawidhranid
• at - illid
• before - qam
• behind - bathar
• below - khothid
• beneath - khothid
• beside - l-dipnid
• between - benath
• beyond - lobar min
• but - illa
• by - b
• despite -________
• down - l-tekh
• during - egaha
• except - illa
• for - ta
• from - min
• in - b
• inside - bgo
• into - bgo
• like - khwathid
• near - qarywa min
• of - d
• off - min
• on - il
• onto - illid
• out - baray min
• outside - baray
• over - l-qarid / l-reshid
• past - lobar min
• since - min degaha
• through - bgo
• throughout - ______________
• till - hil
• to - l
• toward - l
• under - khothid
• underneath - khothid
• until - hil
• up - ______________
• upon - illid
• with - immid
• within - bgo
• without - dla

...with a special thanks to Fr. Andy for his help with the translations!

Lesson #46 - More food-and-cooking-related vocabulary

Food and Cooking Related Vocabulary

Bland (e.g. lacking salt):    pākha
Hot (temperature):   hameema (yan) shakheena
Hot (spicy):    saroopa
Cold (temperature):  qareera
Cooked:    psheela
Raw:    layla psheela (yan) nāya
Salty:    malookha
Sweet:    halooya
Savory:    taymāna
Sour:  khmoosa
Liquid (watery):  mayāna
Hard/Solid:  qooya
Delicious:    baseema
Not Delicious:    layla baseema 
Frozen:  moogdillā (yen) jmeeda
Thawed:    psheera
Warm:  pishoo'a (yen) pshooih (yen) shakheena
Fried:    qilya
Sauteed:    qilya
Boiled:  marathkha
Boiling:  barthakha
Broiling:  biqlāya
Mixed:    khweekha (yan) khwikhta    
   

...what other food or cooking related terms would you like to learn in Surath?

Lesson 6: To Make/To Do (ܥܘܲܕܼ) in the preterite tense

VERB: TO MAKE / TO DO
ROOT: ‘wadh (ܥܘܲܕܼ)
TENSE: PAST

I did/made: widh-lee

You (m) did: widh-lookh
You (f) made: widh-lakh

He made: widh-leh
She did: widh-lah

We did/made: widh-lan
Ye/Y’all made: widh-lotun
They did: widh-lay

_______________________________

Lesson # 45: To start/To begin (ܫܵܪܸ) [Past/Present/Future Tense]

VERB: TO START/TO BEGIN
VERB ROOT: SHARRI  (ܫܵܪܸ)
TENSE: PAST/PRETERITE
INFINITIVE: 
NOTE: This verb defaults to an "intensive" conjugation (where it begins with a Mym)

[Singular]

I started:  āna m-shure-lee
You (m) began:  āyit m-shure-lookh
You (f) began:  āyat m-shure-lakh
He started:  āwo m-shure-lih
She started:  āya m-shure-lah

[Plural]

We began:  akhny m-shure-lan
Ye/Y'all started:  akhto(n) m-shure-lokhoon
They began:  anay m-shure-lay

Example Sentence:  "Damn it, you started that s*** again!"
Ajja m-shure-lookh!

____________________________________
VERB: TO START/TO BEGIN
VERB ROOT: SHARRI  (ܫܵܪܸ)
TENSE: PRESENT
INFINITIVE: 

[Singular]
I start:  āna kim-sha-rin
You (m) begin:  āyit kim-sha-rit
You (f) begin:  āyat kim-sha-rat
He starts:  āwo kim-sha-ri
She starts:  āya kim-sha-ra

[Plural]

We begin: akhny kim-sha-rookh
Ye/Y'all start: akhto(n) kim-sha-rootoon
They begin: anay kim-sha-re


Example Sentence: I start my day by taking a walk around the neighborhood.
āna kim-sharin yawma birkhasha khawidh-ranid matha.

____________________________________
VERB: TO START/TO BEGIN
ROOT: SHARRI  (ܫܵܪܸ)
TENSE: FUTUREINFINITIVE: 

[Singular]
I will start: āna bid-msha-rin
You (m) will begin: āyit bid-msha-rit
You (f) will begin: āyat bid-msha-rat
He will start: āwo bid-msha-ri
She will start: āya bid-msha-ra
[Plural]
We will begin: akhny bid m-sha-rookh
Ye/Y'all will start: akhto(n) bid m-sha-rootoon
They begin: anay bid m-sha-ray
Example Sentence:  "Will you begin by thinking about where you would like to go during your upcoming vacation?"

ayit msharit b-takhmole ayka kibbit d-zalukh b-safrukh d-yli b-ythaya?


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More Random Surath/Chaldean Vocabulary

I recently found a piece of paper from one of my "Surath" class binders.  Here it is:

I can't read the Arabic translation on the left, but I will transliterate the Surath translations (from the right, written in red) below:

Perfume:  lawantā
Freckles:  nanāshee
To Park (verb):  mahamlin
To check (verb):  tadkhāzin
To love (verb):  tadhaybin
Car (automobile):  trombayl
Purple:  banafsajee
Orange:  partaqalee
Dictionary:  qāmoos
Brown:  qahawee
Pink:  wardee
Gray:  rasāsee
To pay (verb):  taddafa'in
Push:  dafa'in
Pants:  pantaroon
Skirt:  tanorā
Dress:  fistān
This:  āyih
Those:  ānā
To need (verb, not "to want"):   khayjin

A Surath Song, Translated - Bratit Mam Oshana

The following is a song by Sargon Gabriel, called Bratit Mam Oshana, sung in the "Assyrian" dialect (so some of the words might not be exactly pronounced like a Chaldean from Telkeppe would say/sing them, but nonetheless it is very useful for teaching purposes):

Surath || English

Chorus

Youma o leleh bewara || Day and Night go by
b'go penjara b ntara || in the window I await
dayem allakh bespara || for you I await
eman paltat l khdara || when you go out to leave

Nasheh beyakh b khqara || People brag about you
parsoopakh litleh twara || Your peronality cannot be criticised
ya shwotee wodlee chara || Oh neighbour do me this favour
bet bayinnakh (kibinnakh) qa gwara || I want you for marriage

Basa ntarta m panjara || (She responds) No more waiting by the window
qa deyokh leh hoyan ana || I will not (destined) be for you
la haweten shedana (daywana) || Do not be crazy
ya zarwando ya honana || Oh Zarwando oh good

Youma o leleh bewara || Day and Night go by
b'go penjara b ntara || in the window I await
dayem allakh bespara || for you I await
eman paltat l khdara || when you go out to leave

Qam odatlee shedana (daywana) || You've made me crazy
ya brata d mam oshana || Oh daughter of Uncle Oshana
la khazenwaleh ana || If only I'd never seen you
oh pislakh mazdeyana || Your scary appearance

Khagah beyee b khqaret || (She says) At one time you brag about me
al khobokh jaldeh dyaret || On your love you quickly return
khagah beyee b twaret || At one time you insult me
neeshokh leleh qa d goret || Your aim is not to marry

Youma o leleh bewara || Day and Night go by
b'go penjara b ntara || in the window I await
dayem allakh bespara || for you I await
eman paltat l khdara || when you go out to leave

We hope you have enjoyed this classic song, and that it will help you to learn some Surath vocabulary!

Lesson 44 - To need/require (ܣܢܩ)

VERB: TO NEED/REQUIRE
VERB ROOT: S-N-Q (ܣܢܩ)
TENSE: PAST/PRETERITE
INFINITIVE:

[Singular]
I needed: āna sniq-ly
You (m) require: sniq-lookh
You (f) needed: sniq-lakh
He required: sniq-lih
She needed: sniq-lah

[Plural]
We required - sniq-lan
Ye needed - sniq-lokhoon
They required - sniq-lay

Example Sentence: We needed to talk with him - Akhny Sniq-lan ma ḥ-koyi im-ih

____________________________________
VERB: TO NEED/REQUIRE
VERB ROOT: S-N-Q (ܣܢܩ)
TENSE: PRESENT
INFINITIVE:

[Singular]
I need: āna k-san-qin
You (m) require - k-san-qit
You (f) need - k-san-qat
He requires - k-san-qih
She needs - k-san-qah

[Plural]
We require - k-san-qukh
Ye need - k-san-qotun
They need/require - k-san-qa

Example Sentence: I need some food (k-san-qin khussa booshala)

____________________________________
VERB: TO NEED/REQUIRE
VERB ROOT: S-N-Q (ܣܢܩ)
TENSE: FUTURE
INFINITIVE:

[Singular]
I will need: āna bid-k-san-qin
You (m) will require - bid-k-san-qit
You (f) will need - bid-k-san-qat
He will require - bid-k-san-qieh
She will need - bid-k-san-qaa

[Plural]
We will require - bid-k-san-qukh
Ye will want - bid-k-san-qutun
They will require - bid-k-san-qee

Example Sentence: They will want help tomorrow - Anay bid-san-quee 'on sapra

_________________________________
VERB: TO NEED/REQUIRE
VERB ROOT: S-N-Q (ܣܢܩ)
TENSE: PROGRESSIVE
INFINITIVE: snaqa

I am needing: āna Eewin bi-snaq-a

You (m) are requiring: Eewit bi-snaq-a
You (f) are in need: Eewat bi-snaq-a

He is needing: Eelih bi-snaq-a
She is in need: Eelah bi-snaq-a

We are requiring: Eewookh bi-snaq-a
Ye/Y'all are in need: Eewotoon bi-snaq-a
They are needing: Eelay bi-snaq-a

Example Sentence:  He is requiring an explanation. awa k-saniq punaya.


____________________________________
VERB: TO NEED/REQUIRE
VERB ROOT: S-N-Q (ܣܢܩ)
TENSE: IMPERFECT
INF: snaqa

I used to need: āna k-san-qin-wa
You (m) had been needing - k-san-qit-wa
You (f) used to require - k-san-qat-wa
He had been needing - k-san-qih-wa
She used to need - k-san-qah-wa

[Plural]
We had been needing - k-san-qukh-wa
Ye/Y'all used to need - k-san-qotun-wa
They had been requiring - k-san-qa-wa


Example Sentence: She used to need help cooking takhratha, but now she can prepare most food herself.  k-sanqa-wa 'on bashole takhratha, bas daha eeba dmahidh-ra kabyra y-khala l-kho-dhah.

Lesson 43: Colors

The following is a list of colors translated several years ago in Surath

Transliteration is below:

Red:  smoqā

Orange:  poortāqālee

Yellow:  sha'ootha

Green:  yarooqā

Blue:  zarqā

Purple:  moreey

Black:  komā

White:  khwārā

Silver:  saeymā

Brown:  Toomrānā

Pink:  wardānāyā

Gray:  qatmanayih (yen) rsāsih

...which colors are missing?  Can you add any translations to this page?

Lesson 42: "To Study" (ܕܪܣ) Present Tense

_____________________________

VERB: TO STUDY
ROOT: drs (ܕܪܣ)
TENSE: PRESENT

I (masc.) study: āna k-darsin
I (fem) study: āna k-darsan

You (m) study: āyit k-darsit
You (f) study: āyat k-darsat

He studies: āwo k-dāris
She studies: āya k-darsā

We study: akhny k-dar-sookh
Ye/Y'all study: akhto(n) k-dar-soo-too(n)
They study: anay k-dar-see
_____________________________

The following is an old quiz from a "Surath 101" class I took many years ago.  After the images, a transliteration of the written Chaldean language will appear:

 

Translate each of the following sentences to Surath:

1.  John will be a rich man in one year

Yoohanan b Aawa gora amara pArrih bkhA shinthA

2.  Sue (Susan) will be a famous doctor

Shooshan bwyA dAktorAh ydhy'a

3.  Kevin will be living with Laura next year

Keyvin bAwih k-aysha b Lawra shintha dAthyA

4.  I will go to College next winter

Ana bAwin kzAlin (yen Ana zee zAlin) Lkooleeyih sitwih dAth

5.  Firas is a tall and skinny man

FyrAs eelih gorA yAreekhA wih bAgeerA

6.  Carline's grandfather is Mike

sAwa b karoleen eelih meekhA'aeel

7.  Your hair is very long

kosih d eewookh (these two words may contract to form one:  kos-ookh) eelih rAba yareekhA

8.  Most people have brown eyes

bishkAbar nAshih itay aynay qahwanA

9.  St. Thomas Church is too big

'aytA d mar tomA eelih kabeerA rabthA

10.  Chaldean girls are very pretty

bnAthA kaldaythA eelan rAba khleethA

Use the words below to fill the blanks

  

1.  kabeera nashe sawe ealay kosa khwArA

2.  Qashe kloshe badlate (Jole) komih

3.  Maya d yama ealay zarqih

4.  Gilla eale yarooqA    

5.  Dimma eale smooqA

Knowledge of the following verbs were tested in this exercise:

• To be (future)
• To go (future)
• To be (present)
• To have (present)

If you wish to learn more about how to conjugate these verbs in Surath, please review the following lessons:

• To be (future) - Lesson #2
• To go (future) - Lesson #3
• To be (present) - Lesson #1
• To have (present) - Lesson #8

 

Lesson 41 - (ܟܒ) (ܒܥ) "To Want" (Past, Present, Future)

VERB: TO WANT
VERB ROOT: Kb (ܟܒ) / Ba' (ܒܥ)
TENSE: PAST/PRETERITE

Note: Kibin is the Chaldean word, Ba'in is the Assyrian
word, though there is some substantial crossover in
this case. We will begin with the past tense so you see
how they work. And need and want are basically the
same verb. I think there's another one, "'ayzin," but
that's so Arabic it's embarrassing.

[Singular]
I needed: kibin-wa / ba'in-wa
You (m) needed: kibit-wa / ba'it-wa
You (f) needed: kibat-wa / ba'at-wa
He needed: kibe-wa / ba'e-wa
She needed: kiba-wa / ba'a-wa

[Plural]
We needed - kibukh-wa / ba'ukh-wa
Ye needed - kibotun-wa / ba'otun-wa
They needed - kibaa-wa / ba'aa-wa

Come to think of it, I think "b'a" is used in Chaldean
to indicate "to ask," along with the more frequent
Arabic borrow-word "mbooqeree."


____________________________________

VERB: TO WANT
VERB ROOT: Kb (ܟܒ) / Ba' (ܒܥ)
TENSE: PRESENT

[Singular]
I want - kibin
You (m) want - kibit
You (f) want - kibat
He wants - kibe
She wants - kiba

[Plural]
We want - kibukh
Ye want - kibotun
They want - kibaa

Example Sentence: I want a cold beer - kibin beero qareero

Additional Notes:
Ki-bukh-lan means "we want/need" as well. The "lan" at the end is called a "pleonastic dative" (pleonasm = repetition; dative = "to/for"). It's literally "we need for us."

Example Sentence: We want (some) of your curry tomorrow - kibukh-lan karry deeyookh sapra

VERB: TO WANT
VERB ROOT: Kb (ܟܒ) / Ba' (ܒܥ)
TENSE: FUTURE

The future is formed with the other form, as follows:

[Singular]
I will want - bid-ba'in
You (m) will want - bid-ba'it
You (f) will want - bid-ba'at
He will want - bid-ba'e
She will want - bid-ba'a

[Plural]
We will want - bid-ba'ukh
Ye will want - bid-ba'utun
They will want - bid-ba'ee

Lesson 40 - "The Objective Past" and the Kim- prefix

VERB: TO MAKE / TO DO
ROOT: ‘wadh (ܥܘܲܕܼ)
TENSE: "Past/Preterite"

This is a different kind of conjugation, one which contains the object as well as the subject of the verb.

"kim" is a sort of particle that comes at the beginning. I'm not sure of its function exactly, except that it designates this conjugation (maybe we could call it the "objective past" because it is past tense and it contains the object) and it messes with the vowels slightly.

So, there's a big old mess of conjugations for this, because there are many combinations:

"I" (ܐܵܢܲܐ)

kim awdhin ny: "I made me/myself"
kim awdhin nookh: "I made you"
kim awdhin nih: "I made him/it"
kim awdhin nan: "I made us"
kim awdhin nokhoon: "I made ye/y'all"
kim awdhin nay: "I made them"

Note: This can mean BOTH "I made him" where "him" is the result of the making AND "I made FOR him..."

________________
Then:

"YOU" (ܐܵܝܸܬ)

kim awdhit ty: "you made me"
kim awdhit tookh: "you made yourself"
kim awdhit tih: "you made him"
kim awdhit tan: "you made us"
kim awdhit tokhoon: "you made ye/y'all"
kim awdhit tay: "you made them"

________________
"HE"

kim awidh ly: "he made me"
kim awidh lookh: "he made you"
kim awidh lih: "he made him"
kim awidh lan: "he made us"
kim awidh lokhoon: "he made ye/y'all"
kim awidh lay: "he made them."

This third person is the "purest" of them, since the "L" indicating the object is still there. In the first and second persons, the "L" is absorbed sometimes, depending on the root. The Assyrians are better at retaining the "L" as a rule.

This conjugation exists for the plural as well, and for all transitive verbs:

________________
Some more sample sentences, just for fun...

kim mathukh lih = "we brought him"

Once the conjugation is defined and you understand it, you should be able to piece together pretty much whatever you want.

"Kim awdhin ih hehr tahlogh in eewit ohkah rendah, brohnee."

Kim awdhin ih = I made it

hehr = just
ta-lookh = for you

in = because/if

eewit = you are

ohkah = highly/that much
randa = good

bro-nee = my son

"In eewit OORZA, PLUT!"

In = if
Ee-wit = you are
oorza = "a man/a tough guy"
ploot = "get up/come out!"

Lesson 39 - To Change (ܫܵܟܼܠܸܦ) Past, Present, Future

VERB: TO CHANGE
ROOT: SHAKH-LIP (ܫܵܟܼܠܸܦ)
NOTE: Causative form of HLAP (Instead Of)
TENSE: PAST

I changed: mshookh-lip-lee

You (m) changed: mshookh-lip-lookh
You (f) changed: mshookh-lip-lakh

He changed: mshookh-lip-lih
She changed: mshookh-lip-lah

We changed: mshookh-lip-lan
Ye/Ya'll changed: mshookh-lip-lokhoon
They changed: mshookh-lip-lay

_________________________________
VERB: TO CHANGE
ROOT: SHAKH-LIP (ܫܵܟܼܠܸܦ)
NOTE: Causative form of HLAP (Instead Of)
TENSE: PRESENT

I change: kim-shakh-il-pin

You (m) change: kim-shakh-il-pit
You (f) change: kim-shakh-il-pat

He changes: kim-shakh-il-lih
She changes: kim-shakh-il-lah

We change: kim-shakh-il-lookh
Ye/Y'all change: kim-shakh-il-lootoon
They change: kim-shakh-il-ay
_________________________________
VERB: TO CHANGE
ROOT: SHAKH-LIP (ܫܵܟܼܠܸܦ)
NOTE: Causative form of HLAP (Instead Of)
TENSE: FUTURE

I will change: bid m-shakh-il-pin

You (m) will change: bid m-shakh-il-pit
You (f) will change: bid m-shakh-il-pat

He will change: bid m-shakh-il-lih
She will change: bid m-shakh-il-lah

We will change: bid m-shakh-il-lookh
Ye/Y'all will change: bid m-shakh-il-lootoon
They change: bid m-shakh-il-ay

Lesson 38 - How to say "Please" & "Thank You" in Surath

Taken from "A Dictionary of the Dialects of Vernacular Syriac as Spoken by the Eastern Syrians of Kurdistan, Northwest Persia, and the Plain of Moṣul" By Arthur John Maclean

Many people in our community believe that there is no way to say such pleasantries as "Please" or "Thank you" in Surath. I would like to challenge this commonly held belief, utilizing an entry in the aforementioned dictionary, as follows:

and

The moral of the story is... while there isn't an "exact" translation of "Please" or "Thank You", the phrases Basmalookh (if you please), Basma Gyanookh, Gyanookh Bassymta, Bassymootookh, and Hawe Bassymta all would be appropriate pleasantries that could be used.

...your thoughts?

Lesson 37 - To Fix/Repair ܡܨܲܠܘܿܚܸܐ (Past, Present, Future)

VERB: TO FIX/REPAIR
ROOT: ܡܨܲܠܘܿܚܸܐ
TENSE: PAST
INF: msalohe

Note: Both the "s" and the "h" are guttural. This verb is adopted from Arabic.

I fixed: msulih-ly

You (m) repaired: msulih-lookh
You (f) fixed: msulih-lakh

He repaired: msulih-lih

She repaired: msulih-lah

We repaired: msulih-lan
Ye/y'all fixed: msulih-lokhoon
They repaired: msulih-lay

________________________________________________

VERB: TO FIX/REPAIR
ROOT: ܡܨܲܠܘܿܚܸܐ
TENSE: PRESENT
INF: msalohe

I fix: ana ki-msalhin

You (m) repair: ayit ki-msalhit

You (f) fix: ayat ki-msalhat

He repairs: awo ki-msalih

She fixes: aya ki-msalah

We repair: akhny ki-msalhukh

Ye/y'all fix: akhton ki-msalhootoon

They repair: anay ki-msalhay

________________________________________________

VERB: TO FIX/REPAIR
ROOT: ܡܨܲܠܘܿܚܸܐ
TENSE: FUTURE
INF: msalohe

I will fix: ana bid msalih

You (m) will repair: ayit bid msalhit

You (f) will fix: ayat bid msalhat

He will repair: awo bid msalih

She will fixes: aya bid msalah

We will repair: akhny bid msalhukh

Ye/y'all will fix: akhton bid msalhootoon

They will repair: anay bid msalhay

Lesson 36 - To hurt ܡܪ (Past, Present, Progressive, Future)

VERB: TO HURT
ROOT: MR (ܡܪ)
TENSE: PAST
INF:

I hurt: mre-ly

You (m) hurt : mre-lookh
You (f) hurt: more-lakh

It/He hurt: mre-lih
It/She hurt: mre-lah

We hurt: more-lan
Ye/Y'all hurt: mre-lokhoon
They hurt: mre-lay

_________________________________
VERB: TO HURT
ROOT: MR (ܡܪ)
TENSE: PRESENT
INF:

I hurt: k-marin

You (m) hurt : k-marit
You (f) hurt: k-marat

He hurt: k-mari
She hurt: k-mara

We hurt: k-marookh
Ye/Y'all hurt: k-marootoon
They hurt: k-mary

_________________________________
VERB: TO HURT
ROOT: MR (ܡܪ)
TENSE: PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
INF:

I am hurting/I am in pain: Eewin bimra-a

You (m) are hurting : Eewit bimra-a
You (f) are in pain: Eewat bimra-a

He is hurting: Eelih bimra-a
She is in pain: Eelah bimra-a

We are hurting: Eewookh bimra-a
Ye/Y'all are in pain: Eewotoon bimra-a
They are hurting: Eelay bimra-a

_________________________________
VERB: TO HURT
ROOT: MR (ܡܪ)
TENSE: FUTURE
INF:

I will hurt: b-marin

You (m) will hurt : b-marit
You (f) will hurt: b-marat

He will hurt: b-mari
She will hurt: b-mara

We will hurt: b-marookh
Ye/Y'all will hurt: b-marootoon
They will hurt: b-mary

Lesson 34 - To Wait ܣܦܪ (Past, Present, Imperfect, and Future)

"The waiting is the hardest part..."

- Tom Petty & The HeartBreakers

VERB: TO WAIT
ROOT: SPR (ܣܦܪ)
TENSE: PAST
INF: SPARA

I waited: Sper-y

You (m) waited: sper-ookh
You (f) waited: sper-akh

He waited: sper-ih
She waited: sper-ah

We waited: sper-an
Ye/Y'all waited: sper-okhoon
They waited: sper-ay

____________________________________
VERB: TO WAIT
ROOT: SPR (ܣܦܪ)
TENSE: PRESENT
INF: SPARA

I wait: k-sap-rin

You (m) wait: k-sap-rit
You (f) wait: k-sap-rat

He/She waits: k-sap-ir

We wait: k-sap-rookh
Ye/Y'all wait: k-sap-rootoon
They wait: k-sap-ry


____________________________________
VERB: TO WAIT
ROOT: SPR (ܣܦܪ)
TENSE: IMPERFECT
INF: SPARA

Note: The imperfect tense in this case is the present tense with the -wa suffix added, as follows:

I used to wait: k-sap-rin-wa
I had been waiting: k-sap-rin-wa

You (m) used to wait: k-sap-rit-wa
You (f) had been waiting: k-sap-rat-wa

He/She used to wait: k-sap-ir-wa

We has been waiting: k-sap-rookh-wa
Ye/Y'all used to wait: k-sap-rootoon-wa
They had been waiting: k-sap-ry-wa


____________________________________
VERB: TO WAIT
ROOT: SPR (ܣܦܪ)
TENSE: FUTURE
INF: SPARA

Note: The future tense in this case is the present tense with the k- prefix removed, and with a bid- prefix added, as follows:

I will wait: bid-sap-rin

You (m) will wait: bid-sap-rit
You (f) will wait: bid-sap-rat

He/She will wait: bid-sap-ir

We will wait: bid-sap-rookh
Ye/Y'all will wait: bid-sap-rootoon
They will wait: bid-sap-ry

________________________________________

Example Sentences:

I waited all day for this!

Sper-y kulleh yoma ta adhy!

Sper-y: I waited
Kulleh yoma: all day
ta adhy: for this

I waited 3 hours for her yesterday...

Sper-y tillath sheyatha Talah timmal...

Tillath sheyatha: three (feminine tense) hours
Ta-lah: for her
Timmal: yesterday

I wait, yet nothing happens.

k-saprin, w-chu-mindy la-kba-re.

chu mindy: nothing
la-kba-re: happens

I will wait until you change your mind.

bid-saprin will dim-shakh-il-pit balookh.

will: until
dim-skakh-il-pit: you change
balookh: your mind

Lesson 33 - To Put ܕܪܵܝܲܐ (Past, Present, Future)

VERB: TO PUT
ROOT: draya (ܕܪܵܝܲܐ)
TENSE: PAST

I put: dre-ly

You (m) put: dre-lookh
You (f) put: dre-lakh

He put: dre-lih
She put: dre-lah

We put: dre-lan
Ye/Y'all put: dre-lokhoon
They put: dre-lay

___________________________
VERB: TO PUT
ROOT: draya (ܕܪܵܝܲܐ)
TENSE: PRESENT

I put: k-darin

You (m) put: k-darit
You (f) put: k-daryat

He puts: k-dari
She puts: k-darya

We put: k-darookh
Ye/Y'all put: k-darotun
They put: k-daray

___________________________
VERB: TO PUT
ROOT: draya (ܕܪܵܝܲܐ)
TENSE: FUTURE

I will put: b-darin

You (m) will put: b-darit
You (f) will put: b-daryat

He will put: b-dari
She will put: b-darya

We will put: b-darookh
Ye/Y'all will put: b-darotun
They will put: b-daray

Lesson 32 - To Fear ܙܕܵܥܲܐ (Past, Present, Future)

VERB: TO FEAR
ROOT: zda-aa (ܙܕܵܥܲܐ)
TENSE: PAST

I feared: zde-ly

You (m) feared: zde-lookh
You (f) feared: zde-lakh

He feared: zde-lih
She feared: zde-lah

We feared: zde-lan
Ye (you all) feared: zde-lokhoon
They feared: zde-lay

__________________________________

VERB: TO FEAR
ROOT: zda-aa (ܙܕܵܥܲܐ)
TENSE: PRESENT

I fear: k-zadin

You (f) fear: k-zadat
You (m) fear: k-zadit

She fears: k-zada
He fears: k-zade

We fear: k-zadookh
Ye fear: k-zadootoon
They fear: k-zaday

_______________________________

VERB: TO FEAR
ROOT: zda-aa (ܙܕܵܥܲܐ)
TENSE: FUTURE

Note: This tense is conjugated identically to the present tense, with the prefix k- being replaced with a b-

I will fear: b-zadin

You (f) will fear: b-zadat
You (m) will fear: b-zadit

She will fear: b-zada
He will fear: b-zade

We will fear: b-zadookh
Ye/Y'all will fear: b-zadootoon
They will fear: b-zaday

Lesson 31 - Back to basics...ܗܘܐ (To be ... born, to have, etc.)

"To be, or not to be: that is the question:
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep;
No more; and by a sleep to say we end
The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks
That flesh is heir to, 'tis a consummation
Devoutly to be wish'd. To die, to sleep;
To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub;
For in that sleep of death what dreams may come....."

    - William Shakespeare

In today's Lesson, we are going to cover verbs that
have already been taught in Lessons 1, 2, 8, and 21,
respectively.  We are also going to cover a new way
of expressing these verbs using a different root.

We will begin by reviewing the verb "to be", conjugated
in the past tense:
VERB: TO BE
ROOT:  hwa (ܗܘܐ)
TENSE: PAST

I (masc.) was: āna win-wa
I (fem) was: āna wan-wa

You (m) were: āyit wit-wa
You (f) were: āyat wet-wa

He was: āwo wae-wa
She was: āya wa-wa (yen) āyee wa-wa

We were: akhny wookh-wa
Ye were: akhto(n) wot-wa (yen) wotoon-wa
They were: anay/anee wa-wae
________________________________________
There is a different root of "to be" in the old
language, the root of which is hwa(ܗܘܐ).  In the
past tense, this verb also means "to be born".
There is, therefore, a rare but still existing
other conjugation of "to be" that goes thus:

VERB: TO BE, TO BE BORN
ROOT:  hwa (ܗܘܐ)
TENSE: PAST

I (masc.) was (born): āna hwe-ly
I (fem) was (born): āna hwe-ly

You (m) were (born): āyit hwe-lookh
You (f) were (born): āyat hwe-lakh

He was (born): āwo hwe-lih
She was (born): āya hwe-lah

We were (born): akhny hwe-lan
Ye were (born): akhto(n) hwe-lokhoon
They were (born): anay hwe-lay
______________________________________

Now we will reviewing the verb "to be", conjugated
in the present tense:
VERB: TO BE
ROOT:  hwa (ܗܘܐ)
TENSE: PRESENT

I (masc.) am: āna ee-win
I (fem) am: āna ee-wan

You (m) are: āyit ee-wit
You (f) are: āyat ee-wat

He is: āwo ee-lih
She is: āya ee-lah (yen) āyee ee-lah

We are: akhny ee-wookh
Ye are: akhto(n) ee-wotoon
They are: anay/anee ee-lay
Again, here is the less-often-used alternative
conjugation of "to be":

VERB: TO BE
ROOT:  hwa (ܗܘܐ)
TENSE: PRESENT

I (masc.) am: āna k-hawin
I (fem) am: āna k-hawin

You (m) are: āyit k-hawit
You (f) are: āyat k-hawat

He is: āwo k-hawih
She is: āya k-hawah

We are: akhny k-haw-ookh
Ye are: akhto(n) k-haw-wotoon
They are: anay/anee k-haway 
It is important to note that the future form is
much more commonly used.  Next you will find the
standard and alternative future conjugations of
"to be":

VERB: TO BE
ROOT:  hwa (ܗܘܐ)
TENSE :  FUTURE

I (m) will be - āna zee-win
I (f) will be - āna zee-wan

You (m) will be - āyit zee-wit
You (f) will be - āyat zee-wat

He will be - āwo zee-lih
She will be - āya/āyee zee-lah

We will be - akhny zee-wookh
Ye/Yall will be - akhtu(n) zee-wotu(n)
They will be - anay/anee zee-lay
______________________________________

VERB: TO BE
ROOT:  hwa (ܗܘܐ)
TENSE :  FUTURE

I (m) will be - āna b-hawin (yen) ze hawin

You (m) will be - āyit ze hawit (yen) b-hawit
You (f) will be - āyat ze hawat (yen) b-hawat

He will be - āwo b-hawih (yen) ze hawih
She will be - āya/āyee b-hawah (yen) ze hawah

We will be - akhny ze hawookh (yen) b-hawookh
Ye/Yall will be - akhtu(n) ze hawotu(n) (yen) b-hawotu(n)
They will be - anay/anee b-haway (yen) ze haway
_________________________________________________________

Just when you thought we were done... now we
are going to remind you about the verb "to have",
conjugated in the future tense:

VERB: TO HAVE
ROOT: eeth (ܐܝܼܬܼ)
TENSE: FUTURE

I will have:  b-hawe-ly

You (m) will have:  b-hawe-lookh
You (f) will have:  b-hawe-lakh

He will have:  b-hawe-lih
She will have:  b-hawe-lah

We will have:  b-hawe-lan
Ye/Y'all will have:  b-hawe-lokhoon
They will have:  b-hawe-lay
________________________________________
As you can see, the verb hwa is multifaceted and shows
up in place of various verbs during various conjugations
(past, present, future), but most commonly in the future
tense.

An example sentence:
   I will be working:  b-hawin bi-plakha
b-hawin - I will be
bi-plakha - The infinitive of "to work" (note: this is also
   identical to the progressive tense in this case)

(A special thanks, again, to Fr. Andy Younan for his
ever-present assistance with this lesson and with the
entire project)

Lesson 30 (I am sick and tired!!!)...plus some sentences

Lesson 30: Sample Sentences

Eewin jih-ya: I am tired
eewin: I am
jih-ya: tired

Eewin kry-ha: I am sick
eewin: I am
kry-ha: tired

Note: The obvious next sentence is of course...

Eewin jih-ya wih kry-ha: I am sick and tired
(All words translated above)

It-ly/it-tee mara b-aq-ly: I have a pain in my foot
it-tee/it-ly: I have
mara: pain
b: in
aq-ly: my foot (a contraction of the words 'aqla dee-yee')

K-'ajib-ly 'wādha d-eekhāla: I enjoy to prepare food
K-'ajib-ly: I enjoy
'wādha: to prepare
eekhāla: food

Eelip-ly rkhāsha kud win-wa til-lath shinni: I learned to walk when I was 3 (years old)
eelip-ly: I learned
rkhāsha: to walk
kud win-wa: when I was
til-lath: three
shinni: years

k-khash-win lāzim d-ra'shookh l-umthan d-eelih bi-myātha: I think that we need to become aware of our dying culture
k-khash-win: I think
lāzim: need
d-ra'shookh: we become aware
l-umthan: our culture/nation
d-eelih bi-myātha: is dying

kibin d-yādhin tad maH-kin surath randa: I want to know how to speak surath very well
kibin: I want
d-yādhin: to know
tad maH-kin: how to speak
randa: well

eewin beelApa qraya d-surath: I am learning to read surath
eewin: I am
beelApa: learning (progressive tense)
qraya: to read
d-surath: Surath

bid yalpin dikh d-kathwy surath: I will learn how to write surath:
bid yalpin: I will learn
dikh: how
d-kathwy: they write
surath: surath
(literally "I will learn how they write Surath.")

eelip-ly maHkoye surath kud win-wa yala zora: I learned how to speak surath when I was a child
eelip-ly: I learned
maHkoye: to speak
surath: Surath
kud: when
win-wa; I was
yala zora: a small child

Lesson 29 - The Causative (i.e. "Moo-" prefix)

In Surath, the "moo" prefix creates a new type of conjugation, which grammarians call the Causative.

A causative form, in linguistics, is an expression of an agent causing or forcing a patient to perform an action (or to be in a certain condition).

All languages have ways to express causation, but they differ in the means. In some languages there are morphological devices (such as inflection) that change verbs into their causative forms, or adjectives into verbs of "becoming". Other languages employ periphrasis, with idiomatic expressions or auxiliary verbs. All languages also have lexical causative forms (such as English rise → raise).

This exists in most semitic languages, and it means what the name implies: in the causative conjugation, the subject is causing the object to do the verb, as opposed to the normal conjugation, in which he is doing the verb himself.

Examples:

The-ly = I came
Mu-the-ly = I brought (i.e., I made something come)

'riq-ly = I ran
mu-'riq-ly = I chased away (i.e., I made something/someone run)

pthil-lih = he turned
mu-pthil-lih = he rotated (i.e., he made something turn)

qim-ly = I stood
mu-qim-ly = I made someone stand/held something up

npil-ly = I fell
mu-npil-ly = I made someone fall

hte-ly = I sinned
mu-hte-ly = I made someone sin

shqil-ly = I took
mu-shqil-ly = I gave/made someone take

siq-ly = I went up
mu-siq-ly = I took something up/lifted something

dmikh-ly = I slept
mu-dmikh-ly = I made someone sleep (by over-explaining the Causative, etc.)

Theoretically, this could work with any verb, though in many cases the resulting concept would be odd so it doesn't really exist.

(A special thank you to Fr. Andy Younan for this explanation!)

Lesson 28 - An adverb (Gae-b...) to/within./into/etc

A very commonly used Adverb in surath is Gae-b...

As you may or may not know, an adverb is

"The part of speech that modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb."

This adverb
geb = to or toward (In the old language, "gabba" = "side")

geb-ee or l-geb-ee = to me (to my side)
geb-ookh or l-geb-ookh = to you (to your side)

It also could potentially mean any of the following:

· Within
· Into
· By means of
· With

E X A M P L E S

Come to me: Hay-yoo gae-bee (yen) Hay-yoo l-gae-bee
Hayoo = Come (to me), conjugated in the imperative tense
L-Gae-bee = To me

I went to you: Zil-ly gae-bookh (yen) Zil-ly l-gae-bookh
Zil-ly = I went, conjugated in the past tense
L-Gae-bookh = To you

I went into his eye (idiom for "I got revenge") = 'wer-y bgawid eyneh
'wer-y: I went
bgawid: into
eyneh: his eye

I drove in a car/ I drove by means of a car - siqly bgawid siyyara (trombel)
siqly: I drove
bgawid: in (or, by means of)
siyyara (yen trombel): a car

Talk in your room = maḥ-ky bgawid qubbukh
maḥ-ky: Talk
bgawid: in
qubbukh: your room

He came to me (idiomatically: "he came to my house") = Theli l-gaeb-ee
the-li = He came
l-gaeb-ee = To me

Lesson 27 - To Bring ܬܼܲܝܠܝܼ (Past Tense)

VERB: TO BRING
TENSE: PAST
ROOT: theh-ly (ܬܼܲܝܠܝܼ)

I brought: moo-thae-ly

You (m) brought: moo-thae-lookh
You (f) brought: moo-thae-lakh

He brought: moo-thae-lih
She brought: moo-thae-lah

We brought: moo-thae-lan
Ye/Y'all brought: moo-thae-lokhoon
They brought: moo-thae-lay

Lesson 26 - To Work ܒܸܦܠܲܟܼܐ (Past, Present, Progressive, Future)

VERB: TO WORK 
TENSE: PAST 
ROOT: bi-plakha (ܒܸܦܠܵܟܼܲܐ)

INFINITIVE: 

[Singular]
I worked: āna plikh-ly


You (m) worked: āyit plikh-lookh
You (f) worked: āyat plikh-lakh

He worked: āwo plikh-lih
She worked: āya/āyee plikh-lah


[Plural]
We worked: plikh-lan
Ye/Y'all worked: plikh-lokhoon
They worked: plikh-lay
 

________________________________
VERB: TO WORK 
TENSE: PRESENT 
ROOT: bi-plakha (ܒܸܦܠܵܟܼܲܐ) 
INFINITIVE:  

[Singular]
I (m) work: āna k-pal-khinI (f) work: āna k-pal-khan

You (m) work: āyit  k-pal-khit
You (f) work: āyat k-pal-khat

He works: āwo k-pal-ikh
She works: āya/āyee k-pal-khah
 
[Plural]
We work: akhnee k-pal-khookh
Ye work: akhto(n) k-pal-khootoon
They work: anay k-pal-khee

Sample Sentence: "Do you want me to work tomorrow?" "Kibit-ee d-pal-khin Sapra?"
kibit: You Want
-ee: Pronominal Suffix "me"
-d: "to/of"
-palkhin: Present tense of the 1st person conjugation "to work" minus the "k"
-Sapra: tomorrow

Note: Some people use Sapra to mean "morning", while others use it for "tomorrow'. This is identical to/the usage of "mañana" in Spanish, which means both "tomorrow" and "morning", depending on the situation.









________________________________ 
VERB: TO WORK
TENSE: PROGRESSIVE (PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE)
ROOT: bi-plakha (ܒܸܦܠܵܟܼܲܐ)
INFINITIVE:  

[Singular]
 I was working: āna win-wa bi-plakha [Past]

You (m) are working: āyit eewit bi-plakha [Present]
You (f) will be working: āyit zee-wit bi-plakha [Future]

He was working: āwo wae-wa bi-plakha [Past]
She is working: āy-ee/āya ee-lah bi-plakha [Present]

[Plural]
We will be working: akhny zee-wookh bi-plakha [Future]
Ye/Y'all were working: akhto(n) wot-wa (yen) wotoon-wa bi-plakha [Past]
They are working: anay/anee ee-lay bi-plakha [Present]

Note: The progressive tense is formed by taking a conjugation of "to be" in any tense (Past, Present, Future) and inserting the infinitive after it. This is identical to the same grammatical pattern in English or Español.

 ________________________________
VERB: TO WORK
TENSE: FUTURE
ROOT: bi-plakha (ܒܸܦܠܵܟܼܲܐ)
INFINITIVE:  

[Singular]
 I (m) will work: zeen pal-khin
I (f) will work: bid pal-khan

You (m) will work: zeet pal-khit
You (f) will work: bid pal-khat

He will work: zeelih/bid pal-ikh
She will work: bid/zeelah pal-kha

[Plural]
 We will work: zeewukh pal-khookh (yen) bid pal-khookh
Ye/Y'all will work: zeelotun pal-khootoon (yen) bid pal-khootoon
They will work: zeelay pal-khee (yen) bid pal-khee

Lesson 25 - To Walk ܪܟܼܵܫܵܐ (Past, Present, Progressive, Future)

VERB: TO WALK
TENSE: PAST
ROOT: Rkhasha (ܪܟܼܵܫܵܐ)

I walked: rkhish-ly

You (m) walked: rkhish-lookh
You (f) walked: rkhish-lakh

He walked: rkhish-lih
She walked: rkhish-lah

We walked: rkhish-lan
Ye/Y'all walked: rkhish-lokhoon
They walked: rkhish-lay

___________________________
VERB: TO WALK
TENSE: PRESENT
ROOT: Rkhasha (ܪܟܼܵܫܵܐ)

I (m) walk: k-rakh-shin
I (f) walk: k-rakh-shan

You (m) walk: k-rakh-shit
You (f) walk: k-rakh-shat

He walks: k-rakh-ish
She walks: k-rakh-sha

We walk: k-rakh-shookh
Ye/Y'all walk: k-rakh-shootoon
They walk: k-rakh-shee
___________________________
VERB: TO WALK
TENSE: PROGRESSIVE
ROOT: Rkhasha (ܪܟܼܵܫܵܐ)

I am walking: eewin bi-rkhā-sha (yen) bi-rkhā-sha-ywin

You (m) are walking: eewit bi-rkhā-sha (yen) bi-rkhā-sha-ywit
You (f) are walking: eewat bi-rkhā-sha (yen) bi-rkhā-sha-ywat

He is walking: eelih bi-rkhā-sha (yen) bi-rkhā-sha-ylih
She is walking: eelah bi-rkhā-sha (yen) bi-rkhā-sha-ylah

We are walking: eewookh bi-rkhā-sha (yen) bi-rkhā-sha-ywukh
Ye/Y'all are walking: eewotoon bi-rkhā-sha (or) bi-rkhā-sha-ywotun
They are walking: eelay bi-rkhā-sha (or) bi-rkhā-sha-ylay
___________________________
VERB: TO WALK
TENSE: FUTURE
ROOT: Rkhasha (ܪܟܼܵܫܵܐ)

I will walk: zeelin rakh-shin (yen) ze/zeen rakh-shin
I will walk: b rakh-shin (yen) bid rakh-shin

You (m) will walk: zeelit/zeet rakh-shit (yen) bid/b rakh-shit
You (f) will walk: zeet/zeelat rakh-shat (yen) b/bid rakh-shat

He will walk: zeelih/ze rakh-ish (yen) bid/b rakh-sheh
She will walk: ze/zeelih rakh-sha (yen) b/bid rakh-sha

We will walk: zeewookh/zeekh rakh-shookh (yen) bid/b rakh-shookh
Ye/Y'all will walk: zeewotoon rakhshootoon (yen) b/bid rakh-shootoon
They will walk: zeelay rakh-shee (yen) bid/b rakh-shee

Lesson 24: To Learn ܝܠܦ (Past, Present, Progressive, Future)

VERB: TO LEARN
TENSE: PAST
ROOT: ylp (ܝܠܦ)

I learned: eelip-lee

You (m) learned: eelip-lookh
You (f) learned: eelip-lakh

He learned: eelip-lih
She learned: eelip-lah

We learned: eelip-lan
Ye/Y'all learned: eelip-lokhoon
They learned: eelip-lay

Example:
I learned how to cook/prepare meat pies: āna eelip-lee dikh mbashlin takhrathi
(ܐܵܢܲܐ ܐܝܼܠܸܦܠܝܼ ܕܸܝܟܼ ܡܒܲܫܠܸܿܢ ܬܲܟܼܪܵܬܼܸܐ)
___________________________
VERB: TO LEARN
TENSE: PRESENT
ROOT: ylp (ܝܠܦ)

I learn: k-yalpin

You (m) learn: k-yalpit
You (f) learn: k-yalpat

He learns: k-yalip
She learns: k-yalpa

We learn: k-yalpookh
Ye/Y'all learn: k-yalpootoon
They learn: k-yalpee
___________________________
VERB: TO LEARN
TENSE: PROGRESSIVE
ROOT: ylp (ܝܠܦ)

I am learning: eewin b'elāpa

You (m) are learning: eewit b'elāpa
You (f) are learning: ewat b'elāpa

He is learning: eelih b'elāpa
She is learning: eelah b'elāpa

We are learning: eewookh b'elāpa
Ye/Y'all are learning: eewotoon b'elāpa
They are learning: eelay b'elāpa

Example:
You (f) are learning Surath: āyat ewat b'elāpa Surath
(ܐܵܝܲܬ ܐܝܼܘܲܬ ܒܝܼܠܵܦܲܐ ܣܘܼܪܲܬܼ)

___________________________
VERB: TO LEARN
TENSE: FUTURE
ROOT: ylp (ܝܠܦ)

Note: There are four prefixes which generally denote a future tense, which are:
b-(verb, conjugated in the future tense)
bid-(verb, conjugated in the future tense)
ze-(verb, conjugated in the future tense)
zeen-(verb, conjugated in the future tense)

I will learn: āna bid yalpin (yen) āna b'yalpin
I will learn: āna ze yalpin (yen) āna zeen yalpin

You (m) will learn: āyit b'yalpit (yen) āyit ze yalpit
You (f) will learn: āyat bid yalpat (yen) āyat zeen yalpat

He will learn: āwo bid yalip (yen) āwo zeen yalip
She will learn: āya b'yalpa (yen) āya ze yalpa

We will learn: akhny b'yalpookh (yen) akhny bid yalpookh
Ye/Y'all will learn: akhto ze yalpootoon (yen) akhtoon zeen yalpootoon
They will learn: anay b/bid yalpee (yen) anay ze/zeen yalpee

Lesson 23 - To Show To ܚܙܲܐ (Past), and a new verb pattern is revealed

VERB: To Show To
TENSE: Past
ROOT: hza (ܚܙܲܐ)

I showed x to y: moo-khze-ly x ta y

You (m) showed x to y: moo-khze-lookh x ta y
You (f) showed x to y: moo-khze-lakh x ta y

He showed x to y: moo-khze-lih x ta y
She showed x to y: moo-khze-lah x ta y

We showed x to y: moo-khze-lan x ta y
Ye/Y'all showed x to y: moo-khze-lokhoon x ta y
They showed x to y: moo-khze-lay x ta y

Note: You may have noticed that the verb for "To Show To" is the exact same verb for "To See", with the 'moo-' prefix.

This is how it works:
Adding "moo" to the beginning of the verb makes it into a different type of conjugation called, by Syriac grammatists, the "aph-el" conjugation. Applying it to
Chaldean, you would call it the "map-el," because of the initial "m."

This conjugation, whatever you call it, indicates the Causative: to make something else do what the basic verb means.

So, for example:

theh-ly = I came ; moo-theh-ly = I brought
(that is, "I made x come")

That means you can derive the entire conjugation for "bring" from the conjugation for "come" by adding "moo" to the beginning. The same goes for "to lose:", which is derived from the conjugation for the verb "to get lost".

All semitic languages have some form of this - from Akkadian to Arabic to Hebrew.

Some more examples:

d'er-ee = I came back
moo-d'er-ee x = I returned x

khze-ly = I saw
moo-khze-ly x ta y = I showed x to y

'we-ry = I entered
me-'we-ry = I inserted

plikh-ly = I worked
moo-plikh-ly x = I made x work

pshe-rih = it melted
moo-pshe-rih x = he melted x

It can probably work for any verb that is potentially transitive.

Lesson 22 - To Hear ܫܡ (Past, Present, Progressive, Future)

VERB NAME: TO HEAR
VERB ROOT: shm' (ܫܡ)
VERB TENSE: PAST

I heard: shme-ly

You (m) heard: shme-lookh
You (f) heard: shme-lakh

He heard: shme-lih
She heard: shme-lah

We heard: shme-lan
Ye/Y'all heard: shme-lokhoon
They heard: shme-lay

______________________________
VERB NAME: TO HEAR
VERB ROOT: shm' (ܫܡ)
VERB TENSE: PRESENT

I hear: k-shāmin

You (m) hear: k-shāmit
You (f) hear: k-shāmat

He hears: k-shāmeh
She hears: k-shām-aa

We hear: k-shāmookh
Ye hear: k-shāmootoon
They hear: k-shām-ee
______________________________
VERB NAME: TO HEAR
VERB ROOT: shm' (ܫܡ)
VERB TENSE: PROGRESSIVE

I am hearing: eewin bee-shmā-a (yen) bishma-ay-win

You (m) are hearing: eewit bee-shmā-a (yen) bishma-ay-wit
You (f) are hearing: eewat bee-shmā-a (yen) bishma-ay-wat

He is hearing: eelih bee-shmā-a (yen) bishma-ay-lih
She is hearing: eelah bee-shmā-a (yen) bishma-ay-lah

We are hearing: eewookh bee-shmā-a (yen) bishma-ay-wookh
Ye/Y'all are hearing: eewotoon bee-shmā-a (yen) bishma-ay-wotoon
They are hearing: eelay be-shmā-a (yen) bishma-ay-lay

______________________________
VERB NAME: TO HEAR
VERB ROOT: shm' (ܫܡ)
VERB TENSE: FUTURE

I will hear: zeelin shām-in (yen) zeen shām-in
I will hear: bid shām-in (yen) b-shām-in

You (m) will hear: zeelit shām-it (yen) zeet shām-it (yen) b/bid shām-it
You (f) will hear: zeelat shām-at (yen) b/bid shām-at

He will hear: zeelih shām-eh (yen) b/bid shām-eh
She will hear: zeelah shām-ah (yen) b/bid shām-ah

We will hear: zeewookh shām-ookh (yen) zeekh shām-ookh (yen) bid shām-ookh
Ye/Y'all will hear: zeewotoon shām-ootoon (yen) bid shām-ootoon
They will hear: zeelay shām-ee (yen) b-shām-ee (yen) bid shām-ee

Lesson 21 - To See ܚܙܲܐ (Past, Present, Progressive, Future), To Have ܐܝܼܬܼ (Future)

VERB: TO SEE
ROOT: hza (ܚܙܲܐ)
TENSE: PAST

I saw: khze-ly

You (m) saw: khze-lukh
You (f) saw: khze-lakh

He saw: khze-lih
She saw: khze-lah

We saw: khze-lan
Ye/Y'all saw: khze-lokhoon
They saw: khze-lay

_______________________________
VERB: TO SEE
ROOT: hza (ܚܙܲܐ)
TENSE: PRESENT

I see: k-khāzin

You (m) see: k-khāzit
You (f) see: k-khazyat

He sees: k-khāzeh
She sees: k-khāzya

We see: k-khāzookh
Ye/Y'all see: k-khāzotoon (yen) k-khāzootoon
They see: k-khāzay

_______________________________
VERB: TO SEE
ROOT: hza (ܚܙܲܐ)
TENSE: PROGRESSIVE

I am seeing: eewin bi-khzāya (yen) bi-khzāya-ywin

You (m) are seeing: eewit bi-khzāya (yen) bi-khzāya-ywit
You (f) are seeing: eewat bi-khzāya (yen) bi-khzāya-ywat

He is seeing: eelih bi-khzāya (yen) bi-khzāya-ylih
She is seeing: eelah bi-khzāya (yen) bi-khzāya-ylah

We are seeing: eewookh bi-khzāya (yen) bi-khzāya-ywookh
Ye/Y'all are seeing: eewotoon bi-khzāya (yen) bi-khzāya-ywotoon
They are seeing: eelay bi-khzāya (yen) bi-khzāya-ylay

_______________________________
VERB: TO SEE
ROOT: hza (ܚܙܲܐ)
TENSE: FUTURE

I will see: b-khāzin (yen) b-khāzin
I will see: ze khāzin (yen) zeelin khāzin

You (m) will see: b/bid-khāzit (yen) ze/zeelit khāzit
You (f) will see: b/bid-khāzyat (yen) ze/zeelat khāzyat

He will see: b/bid-khāzeh (yen) ze/zeelih khāzeh
She will see: b/bid-khāzyah (yen) ze/zeelah khāzya

We will see: b/bid-khāzukh (yen) ze/zeelookh khāzookh
Ye/Y'all will see: b-khāzotoon (yen) bid-khāzootoon
Ye/Y'all will see: ze khāzotoon (yen) zeelotoon khāzootoon
They will see: b/bid-khāzay (yen khzāa or khāzee) (yen) ze/zeelay khāzay (yen khzāa or khāzee)

Example: "We will see you (singular) later" b-khazukh-lukh

__________________________
VERB: TO HAVE
ROOT: eeth (ܐܝܼܬܼ)
TENSE: FUTURE

I will have: b-hawe-ly

You (m) will have: b-hawe-lookh
You (f) will have: b-hawe-lakh

He will have: b-hawe-lih
She will have: b-hawe-lah

We will have: b-hawe-lan
Ye/Y'all will have: b-hawe-lokhoon
They will have: b-hawe-lay

_____________________________

Lesson 20 - To Cook/Prepare ܒܫܲܠ (Past, Present, Progressive, and Future)

VERB: TO COOK/PREPARE
ROOT: bshal (ܒܫܲܠ)
TENSE: PAST/PRETERITE

I cooked: mbooshil-ly

You (m) cooked: mbooshil-lookh
You (f) cooked: mbooshil-lakh

He cooked: mbooshil-lih
She cooked: mbooshil-lah

We cooked: mbooshil-lan
Ye/Y'all cooked: mbooshil-lokhoon
They cooked: mbooshil-lay

_______________________________
VERB: TO COOK/PREPARE
ROOT: bshal (ܒܫܲܠ)
TENSE: PRESENT

I cook: ki-mbash-lin

You (m) cook: ki-mbash-lit
You (f) cook: ki-mbash-lat

He cooks: ki-mbash-il
She cooks: ki-mbash-la

We cook: ki-mbash-lookh
Ye/Y'all cook: ki-mbash-lootoon
They cook: ki-mbash-lee

_______________________________
VERB: TO COOK/PREPARE
ROOT: bshal (ܒܫܲܠ)
TENSE: (PRESENT) PROGRESSIVE

I am cooking: eewin m-basho-le (yen) m-basho-ley-win

You (m) are cooking: eewit m-basho-le (yen) m-basho-ley-wit
You (f) are cooking: eewat m-basho-le (yen) m-basho-ley-wat

He is cooking: eelih m-basho-le (yen) m-basho-ley-lih
She is cooking: eelah m-basho-le (yen) m-basho-ley-lah

We are cooking: eewookh m-basho-le (yen) m-basho-ley-wookh
Ye/Y'all are cooking: eewotoon m-basho-le (yen) m-basho-ley-wotoon
They are cooking: eelay m-basho-le (yen) m-basho-le-y-ley


_______________________________
VERB: TO COOK/PREPARE
ROOT: bshal (ܒܫܲܠ)
TENSE: FUTURE

I will cook: zeewin m-bash-lin (yen) ze/zeen m-bash-lin
I will cook: b/bid m-bash-lin

You (m) will cook: zeewit m-bash-lit (yen) ze/zeen m-bash-lit
You (f) will cook: b/bid m-bash-lat

He will cook: zeelih m-bash-il (yen) ze/zeen m-bash-il
She will cook: b/bid m-bash-la

We will cook: zeewookh m-bash-lukh (yen) bid m-bash-lukh
Ye/Y'all will cook: zee-lotoon m-bash-lootoon (yen) bid m-bash-loootoon
They will cook: zeelay m-bash-lee (yen) bid m-bash-lee

Lesson 19: To Say ܐܝܼܡܲܪ (Future), To Eat ܐܝܼܟܵܠ (Past, Past Perfect/Imperfect, Present, Progressive, Future)

VERB: TO SAY
ROOT: imar (ܐܝܼܡܲܪ)
TENSE: FUTURE

I will say: b-amrin (yen) bid amrin
I will say: ze amrin (yen) zeelin amrin

You (m) will say: b/bid amrit (yen) ze/zeelit amrit
You (f) will say: b/bid amrat (yen) ze/zeelat amrat

He will say: b/bid amir (yen) ze/zeelih amir
She will say: b/bid amra (yen) ze/zeelah amra

We will say: b/bid amrookh (yen) ze/zee-wookh amrookh
Ye/Y'all will say: b/bid amrootoon (yen) ze/zee-wotoon amrootoon
They will say: b/bid amry (yen) ze/zeelay amry

______________________________________
VERB: TO EAT
ROOT: ikhal (ܐܝܼܟܵܠ)
TENSE: PAST/PRETERITE

I ate: khil-ly

You (m) ate: khil-lookh
You (f) ate: khil-lakh

He ate: khil-lih
She ate: khil-lah

We ate: khil-lan
Ye/Y'all ate: khil-lokhoon
They ate: khil-lay
______________________________________
VERB: TO EAT
ROOT: ikhal (ܐܝܼܟܵܠ)
TENSE: PROGRESSIVE

I am eating: ee-win bee-khā-la (yen) bee-khā-lay-win

You (m) are eating: ee-wit bee-khā-la (yen) bee-khā-lay-wit
You (f) are eating: ee-wat bee-khā-la (yen) bee-khā-lay-wat

He is eating: ee-lih bee-khā-la (yen) bee-khā-lay-lih
She is eating: ee-lah bee-khā-la (yen) bee-khā-la-lah

We are eating: ee-wookh bee-khā-la (yen) bee-khā-lay-wookh
Ye/Y'all are eating: ee-wotoon bee-khā-la (yen) bee-khā-lay-wotoon
They are eating: ee-lay bee-khā-la (yen) bee-khā-lay-lay

______________________________________
VERB: TO EAT
ROOT: ikhal (ܐܝܼܟܵܠ)
TENSE: IMPERFECT (PAST PERFECT)

I (m) was eating: win-wa bee-khā-la
I (f) was eating: wan-wa bee-khā-la

You (m) were eating: wit-wa bee-khā-la
You (f) were eating: wat-wa bee-khā-la

He was eating: We-wa bee-khā-la
She was eating: Wa-wa bee-khā-la

We were eating: Wookh-wa bee-khā-la
Ye/Y'all were eating: Wotoon-wa bee-khā-la
They were eating: Wa-wa bee-khā-la

______________________________________
VERB: TO EAT
ROOT: ikhal (ܐܝܼܟܵܠ)
TENSE: PRESENT

I (m) eat: k-akh-lin
I (f) eat: k-akh-lan

You (m) eat: k-akh-lit
You (f) eat: k-akh-lat

He eats: k-akh-il
She eats: k-akh-la

We eat: k-akh-lookh
Ye/Y'all eat: k-akh-lootoon
They eat: k-akh-ly
______________________________________
VERB: TO EAT
ROOT: ikhal (ܐܝܼܟܵܠ)
TENSE: FUTURE

I will eat: b-akhlin (yen) zeelin akhlin (yen) ze akhlin

You (m) will eat: b-akhlit (yen) zeelit akhlit (yen) ze akhlit
You (f) will eat: b-akhlat (yen) zeelat akhlat (yen) ze akhlat

She will eat: b-akhil (yen) zeelih akhil (yen) ze akhil
He will eat: b-akhla (yen) zeelah akhla (yen) ze akhla

We will eat sushi: b-akhlookh sushi (yen) zeewookh akhlookh sushi (yen) ze akhlookh sushi
Ye/Y'all will eat: b-akhlootoon (yen) zeewotoon akhlootoon (yen) ze akhlootun
They will eat: b-akhlee (yen) zeelay akhlee (yen) ze akhlee