Lesson 11: ܩܲܡ To Get Up/Stand Up/Arise/Wake Up (Present, Future)

Get up, stand up: stand up for your rights!
Get up, stand up: don't give up the fight!

- Bob Marley

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VERB: TO GET UP/ TO STAND UP/ TO ARISE
ROOT: qam (ܩܲܡ)
TENSE: PRESENT

I get up: k-qay-min
I stand up: k-qay-min

You (m) arise: k-qay-mit
You (f) get up: k-qay-mat

He stands up: k-qa-yim
She gets up: k-qay-ma

We arise: k-qay-mukh
Ye stand up: k-qay-mutun
They get up: k-qay-mee

Note: As aforementioned in Lesson 10, If you add “min shintha” (or, shortened, “m-shintha”) as a suffix on this conjugation, the verb becomes “to wake up”, or “to get up/arise from sleep”

Examples:
I wake up every morning at 9 o'clock: shaeth'd tish'aa mqoshqa āna k-qaymin min shintha kod yoma
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VERB: TO GET UP/ TO STAND UP/ TO ARISE
ROOT: qam (ܩܲܡ)
TENSE: FUTURE

I will get up: bid-qay-min (yen) zee-qay-min
I will stand up: bid-qay-min (yen) zee-qay-min

You (m) will arise: bid-qay-mit (yen) zee-qay-mit
You (f) will wake up: bid-qay-mat min shintha (yen) zee-qay-mat m-shintha

He will stand up: bid-qa-yim (yen) zee-qa-yim
She will arise: bid-qay-ma (yen) zee-qay-ma

We will get up: bid-qay-mukh (yen) zee-qay-mukh
Ye will get up: bid-qay-mutun (yen) zee-qay-mutun
They will arise: bid-qay-mee (yen) zee-qay-mee

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Lesson 10: To Go ܐܸܙܲܠ (Present Subjunctive), To Make/Do ܥܘܲܕܼ (Future), To arise/get up/stand up/wake up ܩܲܡ (Past)

Taken from Wikipedia:

In grammar, the subjunctive mood is a verb mood that exists in many languages. It typically expresses wishes, commands (in subordinate clauses), emotion, possibility, judgment, necessity, and statements that are contrary to fact at present.

For more details, see The Subjunctive Mood (Wikipedia)

VERB: TO GO
ROOT: izzal (ܐܸܙܲܠ)
TENSE: PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE

I might go - shud zāl-ee
I should go - shud zāl-ee

You (m) may go - shud zāl-ookh
You (f) should go - shud zāl-akh

He might go - shud zāl-eh
She should go - shud zāl-ah

We may go - shud zāl-an
Ye/Y’all might go - shud zalo-tun
They should go - shud zal-ay

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VERB: TO MAKE/DO
ROOT: ‘wadh (ܥܘܲܕܼ)
TENSE: FUTURE

I will make - zeelin āw-dhin (yen) āna bid āw-dhin
I will do - zeelin āw-dhin (yen) āna bid āw-dhin

You (m) will make - zeelit āw-dhit (yen) āyit bid āw-dhit
You (f) will do - zee-lat āw-dhat (yen) āyat bid āw-dhat

He will make - zeelih āw-idh (yen) āwa bid āwidh
She will do - zee-lah āw-dhah (yen) āya bid aā-dhah

We will make - zee-wookh āw-dhukh (yen) akhny bid aā-dhukh
Ye/Y’all will do - zee-wotoon āw-dhutun (yen) Akhtun bid āw-dhutun
They will make/do - zee-lay āw-dhy (yen) anay bid āw-dhy

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VERB: TO GET UP/ TO STAND UP/ TO ARISE
ROOT: qam (ܩܲܡ)
TENSE: PAST

I got up - qim-lee
I stood up - qim-lee

You (m) arose - qim-lookh
You (f) got up - qim-lakh

He stood up - qim-lih
She arose - qim-lah

We got up - qim-lan
Ye/Y’all stood up - qim-lokhun
They arose - qim-lay

Note: If you add “min shintha” (or, shortened, “m-shintha”) as a suffix on this conjugation, the verb becomes “to wake up”, or “to get up/arise from sleep”

Examples:
I woke up - qim-lee min shintha
She arose from sleep - qim-lah m-shintha
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Lesson 8, “To Have” ܐܝܼܬܼ (Past, Present Conjugations + Future[Lesson #31])

VERB - TO HAVE
TENSE - PRETERITE
VERB ROOT - EETH (ܐܝܼܬܼ)
INF - IYT-LY

[SINGULAR]
I had: āna ith-wā-lee

You (m) had: āyit ith-wā-lookh
You (f) had: āyat ith-wā-lakh

He had: āwo ith-wā-lih
She had: āy(a) ith-wā-lah

[PLURAL]
We had: akh-nee ith-wā-lan
Y’all/Ye had: akhto(n) ith-wā-lokhoon
They had: an-ee ith-wā-laey

Ex: I had one coconut - āna ith-wā-lee kha joez-narghila
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VERB - TO HAVE
TENSE - PRESENT
VERB ROOT - EETH (ܐܝܼܬܼ)
INF - IYT-LY

[SINGULAR]
I have: āna it-tee
I do not have: āna Lit-tee

You (m) have: āyit it-tookh
You do not have: āyit Lit-tookh
You (f) have: āyat it-takh

He has: āwo it-tih
She has: āy(a) it-tah

We have: akh-nee it-tan
Ye/Y’all have: akhto(n) it-tokhoon
They have: an-ee it-tay

Ex:
1. We have a huge dog in our back yard - ākhny it-tan kalba rāba d' hadi-qit-tan
2. You have two brothers - āyit it-tookh trae akhwatha (yen akhonwatha)
3. He has an appointment with his doctor - āwo it-tih tfaqta im-id daktor dy-yae
4. She has a nice body - āya it-tah khosh gooshma

Note:
To form the negative, simply place the L sound in front of the conjugated verb, as seen above.

Lah = No

Example:

She has: āy(a) it-tah
She does not have: āy(a) + La + it-tah forms a contraction (just as in English with She has and She hasn't) and becomes āy(a) Lit-tah.

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VERB - TO HAVE
TENSE - FUTURE
VERB ROOT - EETH (ܐܝܼܬܼ)
INF - IYT-LY

[SINGULAR]
I will have: āna bid-hāwe-lee

You (m) will have: āyit b-hāwe-lookh
You (f) will have: āyat bid-hāwe-lākh

He will have: āwo b-hāwe-lih
She will have: āy(a) bid-hāwe-lāh

We will have: akh-nee b-hāwe-lan
Ye/Y'all will have: akhto(n) bid-hāwe-lokhoon
They will have: an-ay b-hāwe-lāy
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You (m) have: āyit it-tookh
You do not have: āyit Lit-tookh
You (f) have: āyat it-takh

He has: āwo it-tih
She has: āy(a) it-tah

We have: akh-nee it-tan
Ye/Y’all have: akhto(n) it-tokhoon
They have: an-ee it-tay

Ex:
1. We have a huge dog in our back yard - ākhny it-tan kalba rāba d' hadi-qit-tan
2. You have two brothers - āyit it-tookh trae akhwatha (yen akhonwatha)
3. He has an appointment with his doctor - āwo it-tih tfaqta im-id daktor dy-yae
4. She has a nice body - āya it-tah khosh gooshma

Note:
To form the negative, simply place the L sound in front of the conjugated verb, as seen above.

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RANDOM VOCABULARY WORD OF THIS LESSON
Pickled Turnips - shorigmih

Lesson 9: Vocabulary from the neck up

Vocabulary

Today we are going to focus on vocabulary relating to the human body from the neck, up.

Head - resha

Hair - kosih

Ear - nātha
Ears - nathyātha

Eye - aena
Eyes - aenih

Eye Brows - bigweene
Eye Brow(s)-  gwyeena (gnywih) d'a'ynih

From "The First English-Chaldean Dictionary" by S. David (1924)

Sideburns - (currently unknown)

Nose - poqa

Beard - daqna

Mouth - kimma

Tooth - kāka
Teeth - kākih

Tongue - looshāna

Face - pātha

Lips - siptha (plural: sipwātha)

Neck - pāqartha
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Surath Lesson 7: To know ܝܕܥ (present, past)

VERB: TO KNOW
TENSE: PRESENT
ROOT: yda’ (ܝܕܥ)

I know: k-ydhin

You (m) know: k-ydhit
You (f) know: k-yedhat

He knows: k-yadhe
She knows: k-yatha (yen) keydha

We know: k-aydhukh (yen) k-yadhukh
Ye/Y’all know: k-aydhutun (yen) k-yadhutun
They know: k-yadhy (yen) keydhy

Ex: “I don’t know” - Lah k-ydhin
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VERB: TO KNOW
TENSE: PRETERITE
ROOT: yda’ (ܝܕܥ)

I knew: y-dhe-lee

You (m) knew: y-dhe-lookh
You (f) knew: y-dhe-lakh

He knew: y-dhe-lih
She knew: y-dhe-lah

We knew: y-dhe-lan
Ye/Y’all knew: y-dhe-lokhun
They knew: y-dhe-lay

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Lesson 5: Questions, numbers 5-10, To do (present)

OK, so we are learning the building blocks for a language. The following verbs have been covered in the last four lessons:

TO BE (ܗܘܐ)
Past, Present, and Future

TO GO (ܐܸܙܲܠ)
Past, Present, Future, and Progressive

TO MAKE/DO (ܥܘܲܕܼ)
Progressive


We have also learned the following:
• Numbers (1-5)
• School Vocabulary
• Negatives and Questions

Let’s begin Lesson 5 with Questions, which are important when learning any language.

In English, the common phrase is “Who, what, where, when, why, and how?”

We’ll begin with these, plus a couple more:

QUESTIONS (INTERROGATIVES)
Who? - mā-nee?
Whose?  d'mā-nee?
What? - ma-ha? (Only when "what" stands alone)
What/How? - mā**
What For?  - tā ma-ha?
What is it?  - meelih?
Where? - eae-ka? (yen) kaela?*
From Where? - min d'aeykā?
From Here  -  min d'ākha
When? - ee-mahn?
Why? - qay?
Which?  - aey-mā?
Which one of them?  -  aeymā  minnaey?
What For? - ta-ma-ha?
How? - dikh?


How many? - (oo)kma?
How much? - mā-qa?
How often?  - kod māqā?
Isn't he?  -   laelih?
Isn't she?  -  laelah?
Aren't they?  -  laelay?

Note: the Q sound in surath is not the same as the Q sound in English. It is a hard sound that comes from the throat, as in the words shwiq-lukh (you left) or qee-dha (burnt)
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* I’m still not quite sure what the difference is between eae-ka and Kaela

** mā = closer to “how” than to “what” though it can mean both. Not quite sure what situations call for mā and what situations call for ma-ha
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NUMBERS - PART TWO

Hopefully you recall numbers 0-5 in both masculine and feminine forms. Now we are going to learn 5-10.

** Remember: It is not the speaker, but the OBJECT, that determines whether masculine and feminine numerals are used.

** Note: ’a is used to denote a sound which is not used in the English language. The sound comes from deep within the throat. An example of two words that use the ‘a are: ‘at-oo (Last Name), or ‘amba.

FEMININE NUMERALS
6 - ishit
7 - eash-waa
8 - tmanae
9 - tesha
10 - esar

MASCULINE NUMERALS
6 - ishta
7 - shoa’a
8 - tmanya
9 - tish’a
10 - esra

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VERB: TO DO
ROOT: ‘wadh (ܥܘܲܕܼ)
TENSE: PRESENT

I make/do - āna k-aw-dhin

You (m) make/do - āyit k-aw-dhit
You (f) do/make - āyat k-aw-dhat

He makes/does - āwo k-aw-idh
She does/makes - āya k-aw-dhah

We make/do - akhny k-aw-dhukh
Ye/Yall do/make - akhtu(n) k-aw-dhutu(n)
They make/do - anay k-aw-dhy
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Surath Lesson 4: To go (progressive), to make/to do conjugations

As is the case in Spanish and in English, when using the progressive tense, we combine the present form of the verb ‘to be’ with the progressive of the verb that is taking place in real time.

Note: A shortened form of the conjugated verb ‘to be’ can be attached to the end of the verb ‘to go’, which results in two different ways to say the progressive ‘to go’.
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VERB: TO GO
ROOT: izzal (ܐܸܙܲܠ)
TENSE: PROGRESSIVE

I (m) am going - ee-win bee-zāla (yen) bee-zāl-aywin
I (f) am going - ee-wen bee-zāla (yen) bee-zāl-ay-wen

You (m) are going - ee-wit bee-zāla (yen) bee-zāl-ay-wit
You (f) are going - ee-wat bee-zāla (yen) bee-zāla-wat

He is going - ee-lih bee-zāla (yen) bee-zāl-ay-lih
She is going - ee-lah bee-zāla (yen) bee-zāl-ay-lah

We are going - ee-wukh bee-zāla (yen) bee-zāl-ay-wukh
Ye/Yall are going - ee-wo-tun bee-zāla (yen) bee-zāl-ay-wukh
They are going - ee-lay bee-zāla (yen) bee-zāl-aly-lay

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This next verb, ‘to make/do’, is similar to the verb hacer in Spanish, which means both to make and to do. In English, of course, these are separate verbs

VERB: TO MAKE/ TO DO
ROOT: ‘wadh (ܥܘܲܕܼ)
TENSE: PROGRESSIVE

I (m) am making/doing - ee-win bee-wādha (yen) bee-wādhay-win
I (f) am doing/making - ee-wan bee-wādha (yen) bee-wādhay-wen

You (m) are making/doing - ee-wit bee-wādha (yen) bee-wādhay-wit
You (f) are doing/making - ee-wat bee-wādha (yen) bee-wādhay-wat

He is making/doing - ee-lih bee-wādha (yen) bee-wādhay-lih
She is doing/making - ee-lah bee-wādha (yen) bee-wādhay-lah

We are making/doing - ee-wukh bee-wādha (yen) bee-wadhay-wukh
Ye/Yall doing/making - ee-wo-tun bee-wādha (yen) bee-wādhay-wotun
They are making/doing - ee-lay bee-wādha (yen) bee-wādhay-lay

Note: The verb root in the progressive tense does not change in the first person, second person, masculine, feminine, or plural conjugations. Only the article before or after the verb changes. This is the same behaviour as English progressive verbs.

In spanish, this is referred to ir + a + infinitive. The verb ‘to be’ is conjugated in the present tense, but in Surath, the infinitive of the verb is not used. Generally, a prefix of ‘bee’ is added onto the verb’s root, and sometimes a vowel added onto the end of the root, thus creating the progressive tense.

So, in Surath, to make a regular verb progressive, you want to use the following formula:

[hwa (conjugated in the present tense)] + [bee]+[infinitive]a

Hopefully that makes some sense to the readers.

Lesson 3: To Go (future, past), intro to numbers, negatives and questions

Lesson 3: To Go (future, past), intro to numbers, negatives and questions

Review:
Lesson 1

· Personal Pronouns
· To Be (Present, Past Tenses)
· School related words

Lesson 2
· To Be (Future Tense)
· To Go (Present Tense)

Lesson 3
· To Go (Future Tense)
· To Go (Past Tense)
· Numbers in Surath, Part 1
· Negatives and Questions

BEGIN LESSON 3

Note: We will begin this lesson by introducing a simple word, ‘OR’. In English, the word ‘or’ is used quite often, to differentiate between this or that. In Surath, the translation of the word ‘or’ is ‘yen’. So, if you see the word yen written anywhere, you will know what it means.

Preliminary Notes:
The capital letter T will be used to signify the sound TD’ (not used in the English language), which is used in words such as Tura (mountain), TawAtha (as in, psheyna b’TawAtha), or T-eema (as in mar-T-eema). To pronounce this letter, press the middle of the tongue against the roof of the mouth a little farther back than the teeth. This is not your standard T sound. It is cushioned, sort of like a cross between T and D.

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VERB: TO GO
ROOT: izzal (ܐܸܙܲܠ)
TENSE: FUTURE

I will go - āna bid zāl-ee (yen) āna b-zāl-ee
(Note: the word ‘bid’ is often shortened to simply ‘b’, which would change ‘āna bid zāl-ee’ to ‘āna b-zāl-ee’)

You (m) will go - āyit bid zāl-ukh (yen) āyit b-zāl-ukh
You (f) will go - āyat bid zāl-akh (yen) āyit b-zāl-akh

He will go - āwo bid zāl-eh (yen) āwo b-zāl-eh
She will go - āyee bid zāl-ah (yen) āya b-zāl-ah

We will go - akhny bid zāl-an (yen) akhny b-zāl-an
Ye/Yall will go - akhtun bid zalotun (yen) akhtun b-zal-otun
They will go - anee bid zāl-ay (yen) anay b-zāl-ay

Note: You may recall from Lesson #2 that the present tense of the verb ‘To Go’ (izzal) is conjugated in a very similar fashion. Note how similar the present tense is to the shortened version of the future tense:

Example:
I go - āna k-zāl-ee
I will go - āna b-zāl-ee (or) āna bid-zāl-ee

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VERB: TO GO
ROOT: izzal (ܐܸܙܲܠ)
TENSE: PAST

I went - zil-ly

You (m) went - zil-lukh
You (f) went - zil-lakh

He went - zil-leh
She went - zil-lah

We went - zil-lan
Ye/Yall went - zil-lokhun
They went - zil-lay

Note: Notice that the personal pronouns were omitted with this conjugation. The reason for this is that you should have the words I, he, she, you, y’all, and they memorized. A secondary reason for this is that, unlike English but very similar to Spanish and many other languages, the conjugation of the verb in Surath implies which pronoun should be used.

COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
In English, the same verb is used for I, you, he, she, and they, which makes the personal pronoun incredibly important to the meaning of the verb when used in a sentence:

I went
She went
They went
We went

Whereas in Spanish, the verb changes as it is conjugated, so the pronoun can be omitted:

I went - fui
He went - fue
They went - fueron
We went - fuimos

I believe that most languages are conjugated more similarly to Surath (or Spanish) than English. English is a highly irregular language.

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NUMBERS IN SURATH: PART ONE

Note: I have researched the number ‘zero’ in surath by asking dozens of people how to translate this. I received a few different answers. The rest of the numbers are far less controversial than zero.

Zero - Sipr

(Note: the word Zero in Arabic is sifr)

Some might just translate zero as ‘chu mindy’, but chu-mindy really translates to ‘nothing’, not ‘zero’

Note: Numerals in Surath have both masculine and feminine translations

FEMININE NUMERALS
0 - sipr
1 - khdhā
2 - tit-ae
3 - Telath (Remember what we said about the T sound earlier!)
4 - arbae
5 - khamish

MASCULINE NUMERALS (*click below to listen to sounds!)
0 - sipr
1 - khā
2 - trae
3 - tlatha
4 - arba
5 - khamsha

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NEGATIVES AND QUESTIONS

1. Negatives

This is just a grammatical note: If you take a verb that we have already learned, such as ‘I am’ (Ana ee-win), and make a negative statement out of it, you must place the word ‘lea’ (no/not) before the verb in a sentence.

Example:
I am a father - āna ee-win bāba
I am a mother - āna ee-wan yimma

I am not a father - āna lea-win bāba (lea + eewin = leawin)
I am not a mother - āna lea-wan yimma

2. Questions
If you want to form a question, place the verb BEFORE the subject.

Example:
Am I (m) a teacher? - ee-win āna malpāna?
Am I a daughter? - ee-wan āna brāta?
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This concludes Lesson #3

Lesson 2: To Be (future), To Go (present)

LESSON 2
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VERB: TO BE
ROOT: hwa (ܗܘܐ)
TENSE : FUTURE

I (m) will be - āna zee-win
I (f) will be - āna zee-wan

You (m) will be - āyit zee-wit
You (f) will be - āyat zee-wat

He will be - āwo zee-lih
She will be - āya/āyee zee-lah

We will be - akhny zee-wookh
Ye/Yall will be - akhtu(n) zee-wotu(n)
They will be - anay/anee zee-lay

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VERB: TO GO
ROOT: izzal (ܐܸܙܲܠ)
TENSE: PRESENT


I go - āna k-zāl-ee

You (m) go - āyit k-zāl-ookh
You (f) go - āyat k-zāl-akh

He goes - āwo k-zāl-eh
She goes - āya k-zāl-ah

We go - akhny k-zāl-an
Ye/Yall go - akhtu(n) k-zāl-otu(n)
They go - anay k-zāl-ay

LESSON # 1: Personal Pronouns, To Be (ܗܘܐ) (Past, Present), and School Vocabulary

Preliminary Notes:

"Zqapa" vowel = ā
"Pthaha" = a

Example: āna (Translation: I)

Example: bāba (Translation: father)

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LESSON # 1 (Personal pronouns and a basic verb conjugation)

PERSONAL PRONOUNS

SINGULAR
I - āna
You (masc.) - āyit
You (fem.) - āyat
He - āwo
She - āya (yen) āyee

PLURAL
We - akhny
You (plural) - akhto or akhtun (*Also referred to as "Ye" or "Y'all")
They - anay (yen) anee

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VERB: TO BE

ROOT: hwa (ܗܘܐ)
TENSE: PRESENT

I (masc.) am: āna ee-win
I (fem) am: āna ee-wan

You (m) are: āyit ee-wit
You (f) are: āyat ee-wat

He is: āwo ee-lih
She is: āya ee-lah (yen) āyee ee-lah

We are: akhny ee-wookh
Ye are: akhto(n) ee-wotoon
They are: anay ee-lay or anee ee-lay
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VERB: TO BE

ROOT: hwa (ܗܘܐ)
TENSE: PAST

I (masc.) was: āna win-wa
I (fem) was: āna wan-wa

You (m) were: āyit wit-wa
You (f) were: āyat wet-wa

He was: āwo wae-wa
She was: āya wa-wa (yen) āyee wa-wa

We were: akhny wookh-wa
Ye were: akhto(n) wot-wa (yen) wotoon-wa
They were: anay wa-wae or anee wa-wae
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VOCABULARY: (Of course, we start with school-related words)

Student - Talmeedha (Note: the dh is pronounced with the same noise as the 'th' in the word 'the')
Teacher - Malpāna
School - Madrasa
Lesson - dariss
Book - kthāwa
Pencil - qalāma
Chair - koorsey
Paper - warāqa