Lesson 39 - To Change (ܫܵܟܼܠܸܦ) Past, Present, Future

VERB: TO CHANGE
ROOT: SHAKH-LIP (ܫܵܟܼܠܸܦ)
NOTE: Causative form of HLAP (Instead Of)
TENSE: PAST

I changed: mshookh-lip-lee

You (m) changed: mshookh-lip-lookh
You (f) changed: mshookh-lip-lakh

He changed: mshookh-lip-lih
She changed: mshookh-lip-lah

We changed: mshookh-lip-lan
Ye/Ya'll changed: mshookh-lip-lokhoon
They changed: mshookh-lip-lay

_________________________________
VERB: TO CHANGE
ROOT: SHAKH-LIP (ܫܵܟܼܠܸܦ)
NOTE: Causative form of HLAP (Instead Of)
TENSE: PRESENT

I change: kim-shakh-il-pin

You (m) change: kim-shakh-il-pit
You (f) change: kim-shakh-il-pat

He changes: kim-shakh-il-lih
She changes: kim-shakh-il-lah

We change: kim-shakh-il-lookh
Ye/Y'all change: kim-shakh-il-lootoon
They change: kim-shakh-il-ay
_________________________________
VERB: TO CHANGE
ROOT: SHAKH-LIP (ܫܵܟܼܠܸܦ)
NOTE: Causative form of HLAP (Instead Of)
TENSE: FUTURE

I will change: bid m-shakh-il-pin

You (m) will change: bid m-shakh-il-pit
You (f) will change: bid m-shakh-il-pat

He will change: bid m-shakh-il-lih
She will change: bid m-shakh-il-lah

We will change: bid m-shakh-il-lookh
Ye/Y'all will change: bid m-shakh-il-lootoon
They change: bid m-shakh-il-ay

Lesson 38 - How to say "Please" & "Thank You" in Surath

Taken from "A Dictionary of the Dialects of Vernacular Syriac as Spoken by the Eastern Syrians of Kurdistan, Northwest Persia, and the Plain of Moṣul" By Arthur John Maclean

Many people in our community believe that there is no way to say such pleasantries as "Please" or "Thank you" in Surath. I would like to challenge this commonly held belief, utilizing an entry in the aforementioned dictionary, as follows:

and

The moral of the story is... while there isn't an "exact" translation of "Please" or "Thank You", the phrases Basmalookh (if you please), Basma Gyanookh, Gyanookh Bassymta, Bassymootookh, and Hawe Bassymta all would be appropriate pleasantries that could be used.

...your thoughts?

Lesson 37 - To Fix/Repair ܡܨܲܠܘܿܚܸܐ (Past, Present, Future)

VERB: TO FIX/REPAIR
ROOT: ܡܨܲܠܘܿܚܸܐ
TENSE: PAST
INF: msalohe

Note: Both the "s" and the "h" are guttural. This verb is adopted from Arabic.

I fixed: msulih-ly

You (m) repaired: msulih-lookh
You (f) fixed: msulih-lakh

He repaired: msulih-lih

She repaired: msulih-lah

We repaired: msulih-lan
Ye/y'all fixed: msulih-lokhoon
They repaired: msulih-lay

________________________________________________

VERB: TO FIX/REPAIR
ROOT: ܡܨܲܠܘܿܚܸܐ
TENSE: PRESENT
INF: msalohe

I fix: ana ki-msalhin

You (m) repair: ayit ki-msalhit

You (f) fix: ayat ki-msalhat

He repairs: awo ki-msalih

She fixes: aya ki-msalah

We repair: akhny ki-msalhukh

Ye/y'all fix: akhton ki-msalhootoon

They repair: anay ki-msalhay

________________________________________________

VERB: TO FIX/REPAIR
ROOT: ܡܨܲܠܘܿܚܸܐ
TENSE: FUTURE
INF: msalohe

I will fix: ana bid msalih

You (m) will repair: ayit bid msalhit

You (f) will fix: ayat bid msalhat

He will repair: awo bid msalih

She will fixes: aya bid msalah

We will repair: akhny bid msalhukh

Ye/y'all will fix: akhton bid msalhootoon

They will repair: anay bid msalhay

Lesson 36 - To hurt ܡܪ (Past, Present, Progressive, Future)

VERB: TO HURT
ROOT: MR (ܡܪ)
TENSE: PAST
INF:

I hurt: mre-ly

You (m) hurt : mre-lookh
You (f) hurt: more-lakh

It/He hurt: mre-lih
It/She hurt: mre-lah

We hurt: more-lan
Ye/Y'all hurt: mre-lokhoon
They hurt: mre-lay

_________________________________
VERB: TO HURT
ROOT: MR (ܡܪ)
TENSE: PRESENT
INF:

I hurt: k-marin

You (m) hurt : k-marit
You (f) hurt: k-marat

He hurt: k-mari
She hurt: k-mara

We hurt: k-marookh
Ye/Y'all hurt: k-marootoon
They hurt: k-mary

_________________________________
VERB: TO HURT
ROOT: MR (ܡܪ)
TENSE: PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
INF:

I am hurting/I am in pain: Eewin bimra-a

You (m) are hurting : Eewit bimra-a
You (f) are in pain: Eewat bimra-a

He is hurting: Eelih bimra-a
She is in pain: Eelah bimra-a

We are hurting: Eewookh bimra-a
Ye/Y'all are in pain: Eewotoon bimra-a
They are hurting: Eelay bimra-a

_________________________________
VERB: TO HURT
ROOT: MR (ܡܪ)
TENSE: FUTURE
INF:

I will hurt: b-marin

You (m) will hurt : b-marit
You (f) will hurt: b-marat

He will hurt: b-mari
She will hurt: b-mara

We will hurt: b-marookh
Ye/Y'all will hurt: b-marootoon
They will hurt: b-mary

Lesson 34 - To Wait ܣܦܪ (Past, Present, Imperfect, and Future)

"The waiting is the hardest part..."

- Tom Petty & The HeartBreakers

VERB: TO WAIT
ROOT: SPR (ܣܦܪ)
TENSE: PAST
INF: SPARA

I waited: Sper-y

You (m) waited: sper-ookh
You (f) waited: sper-akh

He waited: sper-ih
She waited: sper-ah

We waited: sper-an
Ye/Y'all waited: sper-okhoon
They waited: sper-ay

____________________________________
VERB: TO WAIT
ROOT: SPR (ܣܦܪ)
TENSE: PRESENT
INF: SPARA

I wait: k-sap-rin

You (m) wait: k-sap-rit
You (f) wait: k-sap-rat

He/She waits: k-sap-ir

We wait: k-sap-rookh
Ye/Y'all wait: k-sap-rootoon
They wait: k-sap-ry


____________________________________
VERB: TO WAIT
ROOT: SPR (ܣܦܪ)
TENSE: IMPERFECT
INF: SPARA

Note: The imperfect tense in this case is the present tense with the -wa suffix added, as follows:

I used to wait: k-sap-rin-wa
I had been waiting: k-sap-rin-wa

You (m) used to wait: k-sap-rit-wa
You (f) had been waiting: k-sap-rat-wa

He/She used to wait: k-sap-ir-wa

We has been waiting: k-sap-rookh-wa
Ye/Y'all used to wait: k-sap-rootoon-wa
They had been waiting: k-sap-ry-wa


____________________________________
VERB: TO WAIT
ROOT: SPR (ܣܦܪ)
TENSE: FUTURE
INF: SPARA

Note: The future tense in this case is the present tense with the k- prefix removed, and with a bid- prefix added, as follows:

I will wait: bid-sap-rin

You (m) will wait: bid-sap-rit
You (f) will wait: bid-sap-rat

He/She will wait: bid-sap-ir

We will wait: bid-sap-rookh
Ye/Y'all will wait: bid-sap-rootoon
They will wait: bid-sap-ry

________________________________________

Example Sentences:

I waited all day for this!

Sper-y kulleh yoma ta adhy!

Sper-y: I waited
Kulleh yoma: all day
ta adhy: for this

I waited 3 hours for her yesterday...

Sper-y tillath sheyatha Talah timmal...

Tillath sheyatha: three (feminine tense) hours
Ta-lah: for her
Timmal: yesterday

I wait, yet nothing happens.

k-saprin, w-chu-mindy la-kba-re.

chu mindy: nothing
la-kba-re: happens

I will wait until you change your mind.

bid-saprin will dim-shakh-il-pit balookh.

will: until
dim-skakh-il-pit: you change
balookh: your mind

Lesson 33 - To Put ܕܪܵܝܲܐ (Past, Present, Future)

VERB: TO PUT
ROOT: draya (ܕܪܵܝܲܐ)
TENSE: PAST

I put: dre-ly

You (m) put: dre-lookh
You (f) put: dre-lakh

He put: dre-lih
She put: dre-lah

We put: dre-lan
Ye/Y'all put: dre-lokhoon
They put: dre-lay

___________________________
VERB: TO PUT
ROOT: draya (ܕܪܵܝܲܐ)
TENSE: PRESENT

I put: k-darin

You (m) put: k-darit
You (f) put: k-daryat

He puts: k-dari
She puts: k-darya

We put: k-darookh
Ye/Y'all put: k-darotun
They put: k-daray

___________________________
VERB: TO PUT
ROOT: draya (ܕܪܵܝܲܐ)
TENSE: FUTURE

I will put: b-darin

You (m) will put: b-darit
You (f) will put: b-daryat

He will put: b-dari
She will put: b-darya

We will put: b-darookh
Ye/Y'all will put: b-darotun
They will put: b-daray

Lesson 32 - To Fear ܙܕܵܥܲܐ (Past, Present, Future)

VERB: TO FEAR
ROOT: zda-aa (ܙܕܵܥܲܐ)
TENSE: PAST

I feared: zde-ly

You (m) feared: zde-lookh
You (f) feared: zde-lakh

He feared: zde-lih
She feared: zde-lah

We feared: zde-lan
Ye (you all) feared: zde-lokhoon
They feared: zde-lay

__________________________________

VERB: TO FEAR
ROOT: zda-aa (ܙܕܵܥܲܐ)
TENSE: PRESENT

I fear: k-zadin

You (f) fear: k-zadat
You (m) fear: k-zadit

She fears: k-zada
He fears: k-zade

We fear: k-zadookh
Ye fear: k-zadootoon
They fear: k-zaday

_______________________________

VERB: TO FEAR
ROOT: zda-aa (ܙܕܵܥܲܐ)
TENSE: FUTURE

Note: This tense is conjugated identically to the present tense, with the prefix k- being replaced with a b-

I will fear: b-zadin

You (f) will fear: b-zadat
You (m) will fear: b-zadit

She will fear: b-zada
He will fear: b-zade

We will fear: b-zadookh
Ye/Y'all will fear: b-zadootoon
They will fear: b-zaday

Lesson 31 - Back to basics...ܗܘܐ (To be ... born, to have, etc.)

"To be, or not to be: that is the question:
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep;
No more; and by a sleep to say we end
The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks
That flesh is heir to, 'tis a consummation
Devoutly to be wish'd. To die, to sleep;
To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub;
For in that sleep of death what dreams may come....."

    - William Shakespeare

In today's Lesson, we are going to cover verbs that
have already been taught in Lessons 1, 2, 8, and 21,
respectively.  We are also going to cover a new way
of expressing these verbs using a different root.

We will begin by reviewing the verb "to be", conjugated
in the past tense:
VERB: TO BE
ROOT:  hwa (ܗܘܐ)
TENSE: PAST

I (masc.) was: āna win-wa
I (fem) was: āna wan-wa

You (m) were: āyit wit-wa
You (f) were: āyat wet-wa

He was: āwo wae-wa
She was: āya wa-wa (yen) āyee wa-wa

We were: akhny wookh-wa
Ye were: akhto(n) wot-wa (yen) wotoon-wa
They were: anay/anee wa-wae
________________________________________
There is a different root of "to be" in the old
language, the root of which is hwa(ܗܘܐ).  In the
past tense, this verb also means "to be born".
There is, therefore, a rare but still existing
other conjugation of "to be" that goes thus:

VERB: TO BE, TO BE BORN
ROOT:  hwa (ܗܘܐ)
TENSE: PAST

I (masc.) was (born): āna hwe-ly
I (fem) was (born): āna hwe-ly

You (m) were (born): āyit hwe-lookh
You (f) were (born): āyat hwe-lakh

He was (born): āwo hwe-lih
She was (born): āya hwe-lah

We were (born): akhny hwe-lan
Ye were (born): akhto(n) hwe-lokhoon
They were (born): anay hwe-lay
______________________________________

Now we will reviewing the verb "to be", conjugated
in the present tense:
VERB: TO BE
ROOT:  hwa (ܗܘܐ)
TENSE: PRESENT

I (masc.) am: āna ee-win
I (fem) am: āna ee-wan

You (m) are: āyit ee-wit
You (f) are: āyat ee-wat

He is: āwo ee-lih
She is: āya ee-lah (yen) āyee ee-lah

We are: akhny ee-wookh
Ye are: akhto(n) ee-wotoon
They are: anay/anee ee-lay
Again, here is the less-often-used alternative
conjugation of "to be":

VERB: TO BE
ROOT:  hwa (ܗܘܐ)
TENSE: PRESENT

I (masc.) am: āna k-hawin
I (fem) am: āna k-hawin

You (m) are: āyit k-hawit
You (f) are: āyat k-hawat

He is: āwo k-hawih
She is: āya k-hawah

We are: akhny k-haw-ookh
Ye are: akhto(n) k-haw-wotoon
They are: anay/anee k-haway 
It is important to note that the future form is
much more commonly used.  Next you will find the
standard and alternative future conjugations of
"to be":

VERB: TO BE
ROOT:  hwa (ܗܘܐ)
TENSE :  FUTURE

I (m) will be - āna zee-win
I (f) will be - āna zee-wan

You (m) will be - āyit zee-wit
You (f) will be - āyat zee-wat

He will be - āwo zee-lih
She will be - āya/āyee zee-lah

We will be - akhny zee-wookh
Ye/Yall will be - akhtu(n) zee-wotu(n)
They will be - anay/anee zee-lay
______________________________________

VERB: TO BE
ROOT:  hwa (ܗܘܐ)
TENSE :  FUTURE

I (m) will be - āna b-hawin (yen) ze hawin

You (m) will be - āyit ze hawit (yen) b-hawit
You (f) will be - āyat ze hawat (yen) b-hawat

He will be - āwo b-hawih (yen) ze hawih
She will be - āya/āyee b-hawah (yen) ze hawah

We will be - akhny ze hawookh (yen) b-hawookh
Ye/Yall will be - akhtu(n) ze hawotu(n) (yen) b-hawotu(n)
They will be - anay/anee b-haway (yen) ze haway
_________________________________________________________

Just when you thought we were done... now we
are going to remind you about the verb "to have",
conjugated in the future tense:

VERB: TO HAVE
ROOT: eeth (ܐܝܼܬܼ)
TENSE: FUTURE

I will have:  b-hawe-ly

You (m) will have:  b-hawe-lookh
You (f) will have:  b-hawe-lakh

He will have:  b-hawe-lih
She will have:  b-hawe-lah

We will have:  b-hawe-lan
Ye/Y'all will have:  b-hawe-lokhoon
They will have:  b-hawe-lay
________________________________________
As you can see, the verb hwa is multifaceted and shows
up in place of various verbs during various conjugations
(past, present, future), but most commonly in the future
tense.

An example sentence:
   I will be working:  b-hawin bi-plakha
b-hawin - I will be
bi-plakha - The infinitive of "to work" (note: this is also
   identical to the progressive tense in this case)

(A special thanks, again, to Fr. Andy Younan for his
ever-present assistance with this lesson and with the
entire project)

Lesson 30 (I am sick and tired!!!)...plus some sentences

Lesson 30: Sample Sentences

Eewin jih-ya: I am tired
eewin: I am
jih-ya: tired

Eewin kry-ha: I am sick
eewin: I am
kry-ha: tired

Note: The obvious next sentence is of course...

Eewin jih-ya wih kry-ha: I am sick and tired
(All words translated above)

It-ly/it-tee mara b-aq-ly: I have a pain in my foot
it-tee/it-ly: I have
mara: pain
b: in
aq-ly: my foot (a contraction of the words 'aqla dee-yee')

K-'ajib-ly 'wādha d-eekhāla: I enjoy to prepare food
K-'ajib-ly: I enjoy
'wādha: to prepare
eekhāla: food

Eelip-ly rkhāsha kud win-wa til-lath shinni: I learned to walk when I was 3 (years old)
eelip-ly: I learned
rkhāsha: to walk
kud win-wa: when I was
til-lath: three
shinni: years

k-khash-win lāzim d-ra'shookh l-umthan d-eelih bi-myātha: I think that we need to become aware of our dying culture
k-khash-win: I think
lāzim: need
d-ra'shookh: we become aware
l-umthan: our culture/nation
d-eelih bi-myātha: is dying

kibin d-yādhin tad maH-kin surath randa: I want to know how to speak surath very well
kibin: I want
d-yādhin: to know
tad maH-kin: how to speak
randa: well

eewin beelApa qraya d-surath: I am learning to read surath
eewin: I am
beelApa: learning (progressive tense)
qraya: to read
d-surath: Surath

bid yalpin dikh d-kathwy surath: I will learn how to write surath:
bid yalpin: I will learn
dikh: how
d-kathwy: they write
surath: surath
(literally "I will learn how they write Surath.")

eelip-ly maHkoye surath kud win-wa yala zora: I learned how to speak surath when I was a child
eelip-ly: I learned
maHkoye: to speak
surath: Surath
kud: when
win-wa; I was
yala zora: a small child

Lesson 29 - The Causative (i.e. "Moo-" prefix)

In Surath, the "moo" prefix creates a new type of conjugation, which grammarians call the Causative.

A causative form, in linguistics, is an expression of an agent causing or forcing a patient to perform an action (or to be in a certain condition).

All languages have ways to express causation, but they differ in the means. In some languages there are morphological devices (such as inflection) that change verbs into their causative forms, or adjectives into verbs of "becoming". Other languages employ periphrasis, with idiomatic expressions or auxiliary verbs. All languages also have lexical causative forms (such as English rise → raise).

This exists in most semitic languages, and it means what the name implies: in the causative conjugation, the subject is causing the object to do the verb, as opposed to the normal conjugation, in which he is doing the verb himself.

Examples:

The-ly = I came
Mu-the-ly = I brought (i.e., I made something come)

'riq-ly = I ran
mu-'riq-ly = I chased away (i.e., I made something/someone run)

pthil-lih = he turned
mu-pthil-lih = he rotated (i.e., he made something turn)

qim-ly = I stood
mu-qim-ly = I made someone stand/held something up

npil-ly = I fell
mu-npil-ly = I made someone fall

hte-ly = I sinned
mu-hte-ly = I made someone sin

shqil-ly = I took
mu-shqil-ly = I gave/made someone take

siq-ly = I went up
mu-siq-ly = I took something up/lifted something

dmikh-ly = I slept
mu-dmikh-ly = I made someone sleep (by over-explaining the Causative, etc.)

Theoretically, this could work with any verb, though in many cases the resulting concept would be odd so it doesn't really exist.

(A special thank you to Fr. Andy Younan for this explanation!)

Lesson 28 - An adverb (Gae-b...) to/within./into/etc

A very commonly used Adverb in surath is Gae-b...

As you may or may not know, an adverb is

"The part of speech that modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb."

This adverb
geb = to or toward (In the old language, "gabba" = "side")

geb-ee or l-geb-ee = to me (to my side)
geb-ookh or l-geb-ookh = to you (to your side)

It also could potentially mean any of the following:

· Within
· Into
· By means of
· With

E X A M P L E S

Come to me: Hay-yoo gae-bee (yen) Hay-yoo l-gae-bee
Hayoo = Come (to me), conjugated in the imperative tense
L-Gae-bee = To me

I went to you: Zil-ly gae-bookh (yen) Zil-ly l-gae-bookh
Zil-ly = I went, conjugated in the past tense
L-Gae-bookh = To you

I went into his eye (idiom for "I got revenge") = 'wer-y bgawid eyneh
'wer-y: I went
bgawid: into
eyneh: his eye

I drove in a car/ I drove by means of a car - siqly bgawid siyyara (trombel)
siqly: I drove
bgawid: in (or, by means of)
siyyara (yen trombel): a car

Talk in your room = maḥ-ky bgawid qubbukh
maḥ-ky: Talk
bgawid: in
qubbukh: your room

He came to me (idiomatically: "he came to my house") = Theli l-gaeb-ee
the-li = He came
l-gaeb-ee = To me

Lesson 27 - To Bring ܬܼܲܝܠܝܼ (Past Tense)

VERB: TO BRING
TENSE: PAST
ROOT: theh-ly (ܬܼܲܝܠܝܼ)

I brought: moo-thae-ly

You (m) brought: moo-thae-lookh
You (f) brought: moo-thae-lakh

He brought: moo-thae-lih
She brought: moo-thae-lah

We brought: moo-thae-lan
Ye/Y'all brought: moo-thae-lokhoon
They brought: moo-thae-lay

Lesson 26 - To Work ܒܸܦܠܲܟܼܐ (Past, Present, Progressive, Future)

VERB: TO WORK 
TENSE: PAST 
ROOT: bi-plakha (ܒܸܦܠܵܟܼܲܐ)

INFINITIVE: 

[Singular]
I worked: āna plikh-ly


You (m) worked: āyit plikh-lookh
You (f) worked: āyat plikh-lakh

He worked: āwo plikh-lih
She worked: āya/āyee plikh-lah


[Plural]
We worked: plikh-lan
Ye/Y'all worked: plikh-lokhoon
They worked: plikh-lay
 

________________________________
VERB: TO WORK 
TENSE: PRESENT 
ROOT: bi-plakha (ܒܸܦܠܵܟܼܲܐ) 
INFINITIVE:  

[Singular]
I (m) work: āna k-pal-khinI (f) work: āna k-pal-khan

You (m) work: āyit  k-pal-khit
You (f) work: āyat k-pal-khat

He works: āwo k-pal-ikh
She works: āya/āyee k-pal-khah
 
[Plural]
We work: akhnee k-pal-khookh
Ye work: akhto(n) k-pal-khootoon
They work: anay k-pal-khee

Sample Sentence: "Do you want me to work tomorrow?" "Kibit-ee d-pal-khin Sapra?"
kibit: You Want
-ee: Pronominal Suffix "me"
-d: "to/of"
-palkhin: Present tense of the 1st person conjugation "to work" minus the "k"
-Sapra: tomorrow

Note: Some people use Sapra to mean "morning", while others use it for "tomorrow'. This is identical to/the usage of "mañana" in Spanish, which means both "tomorrow" and "morning", depending on the situation.









________________________________ 
VERB: TO WORK
TENSE: PROGRESSIVE (PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE)
ROOT: bi-plakha (ܒܸܦܠܵܟܼܲܐ)
INFINITIVE:  

[Singular]
 I was working: āna win-wa bi-plakha [Past]

You (m) are working: āyit eewit bi-plakha [Present]
You (f) will be working: āyit zee-wit bi-plakha [Future]

He was working: āwo wae-wa bi-plakha [Past]
She is working: āy-ee/āya ee-lah bi-plakha [Present]

[Plural]
We will be working: akhny zee-wookh bi-plakha [Future]
Ye/Y'all were working: akhto(n) wot-wa (yen) wotoon-wa bi-plakha [Past]
They are working: anay/anee ee-lay bi-plakha [Present]

Note: The progressive tense is formed by taking a conjugation of "to be" in any tense (Past, Present, Future) and inserting the infinitive after it. This is identical to the same grammatical pattern in English or Español.

 ________________________________
VERB: TO WORK
TENSE: FUTURE
ROOT: bi-plakha (ܒܸܦܠܵܟܼܲܐ)
INFINITIVE:  

[Singular]
 I (m) will work: zeen pal-khin
I (f) will work: bid pal-khan

You (m) will work: zeet pal-khit
You (f) will work: bid pal-khat

He will work: zeelih/bid pal-ikh
She will work: bid/zeelah pal-kha

[Plural]
 We will work: zeewukh pal-khookh (yen) bid pal-khookh
Ye/Y'all will work: zeelotun pal-khootoon (yen) bid pal-khootoon
They will work: zeelay pal-khee (yen) bid pal-khee